Programming Contrstucts

Question 1

Define a Variable

Answer 1

A named location in computer memory used to hold data when a program is running. The value of the variable can change while the program is running

Question 2

Define a Constant

Answer 2

A named location in computer memory used to hold data when a program is running. The value of the variable cant change while the program is running and remains constant

Question 3

Define a Boolean operator

Answer 3

An operator that allows conditions to be combined then evaluated , the outcome is a Boolean variable

Question 4

Define a Arithmetic Operator

Answer 4

Enables arithmetic operations to be carried out using variable

+,-,*

Question 5

Define an Input Statement

Answer 5

A statement used to capture data which is to be used in the program

Question 6

Define an Output Statement

Answer 6

A statement used to output data and information from the program

Question 7

Define an Assignment Statement

Answer 7

A statement that assigns a value to a variable, constant or other data structure

A= b+c

Question 8

What are the three program control structures

Answer 8

Sequence
Selection
Iteration

Question 9

Define Sequence

Answer 9

denotes the order in which the instructions are carried out by the computer

Question 10

Describe Selection

Answer 10

In selection a condition is used to decide which piece of code should be executed.

This is acheived through the use of IF statements and BOOLEAN operateors

Question 11

Describe Iteration

Answer 11

another word for reptation

Repetitions is used when a section of code is to be carried out more than once

This can be acheived through loops

Question 12

What is an Array?

Answer 12

An array is a data structure that holds a set of data items of the same data type

The arrays assigned a name, a size and a data type by the program

Question 13

Define a Bubble Sort

Answer 13

Bubble sort is a simple sort that compares adjacent elements, which are compared and swapped if in the wrong order

Question 14

Define an Insertion Sort

Answer 14

builds a sorted sub list one item at a time, the sub list become the new sorted list

Question 15

How does bubble sort work?

Answer 15

Compare the first and second items, swap if needed. Then compare the second and third,
and so on. Repeat the whole process until no swaps are needed.

Question 16

How does insertion sort work?

Answer 16

Start with the second item, compare it to the first, and insert it in the correct place. Then take
the third, compare to the sorted part, and insert again — like sorting playing cards in your
hand

Question 17

Define Linear Search

Answer 17

A simple search that compares every data item in a list to the target value

Question 18

Define a Binary Search

Answer 18

Binary Search is a fast way to find a value in a sorted list by repeatedly dividing the list in
half.

Question 19

How does a linear search work

Answer 19

Go through each item in the list, one at a time, and check if it matches the target.

Question 20

How does a Binary Search Work?

Answer 20

Start in the middle of the list. If the middle value is the target, you’re done. If the target is
smaller, search the left half. If it’s larger, search the right half. Repeat this process.

Question 21

What is a string?

Answer 21

data containing text, letters or a mixtures of letter and numbers

Question 22

What are the 4 string manipulation functions?

Answer 22

Splitting
concatenating
character searching
substring searching

Question 23

Explain the string manipulation function concatenating

Answer 23

appending strings together relevant function of symbol

example:

string1 + “” + string 2

Question 24

Explain the string manipulation function Substring Searching

Answer 24

using a start position and a length, it returns a substring

example:

string2 = award-winning-performance
string2.substring(6:13)

result= winning

Question 25

Key facts about arrays

Answer 25

The computer reserves a lot of set memory location, 1 for each element in the array, they are next to each other/contiguous The first index is numbered 0 as arrays are 0 indexed Elements can be assigned values myNumbers[0] = 47 Python uses lists and tuples instead of arrays, tuples can hold mixed data types To access every element in the array a loop can be used

Question 26

What would you write to get a lowercase string?

Answer 26

string is called string1 string1.lower()

Question 27

What would you write to get an uppercase string?

Answer 27

string is called string1 string1.upper()

Question 28

What would you write to return the length of a string.

Answer 28

string is called string1 len(string1)

Question 29

Key facts about functions/methods

Answer 29

Functions are given a name Data in the form of parameters can be passed to functions Functions can return data Give programmers the opportunity to structure code so that it is more efficient Functions can be re-used within a program