Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells + differentiation Flashcards
Learn about cells.
What are the two distinct types of cell?
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.
What are the features of a Eukaryotic cell?
They’re 10-100 micrometers in size and have a nucleus. They’re found in plants, animals, fungi and protists.
What are the features of a Prokaryotic cell?
They’re 0.1-5 micrometers in size and they have no nucleus. Some have rings of DNA called plasmids, which can move between cells and replicate to share genetic info. They have no membrane bound organelles within the cytoplasm. Bacteria are Prokaryotes.
Which structures are NOT found in Prokaryotic cells?
Chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus.
What is cell differentiation?
It’s the process of cells developing new sub-cellular structures to let it perform a function. This makes the cell become specialised.
How does differentiation happen during an organisms development?
Organisms start as one cell, and these cells divide to become embryos which differentiate to perform certain functions in the developing body.
How does differentiation happen in plants?
Plants don’t lose the ability to differentiate through their life, meaning they’re always able to make new tissues.
How might differentiation occur in adult animals?
This process is rare in mature animals and it involves the cells dividing to replace cells or repair tissues.
How is a sperm cell specialised for its job?
Nucleus in its head containing half of an organisms genetic info, middle section is filled with mitochondria so the cell can travel the long distance, flagellum (tail) to help it travel to the egg and acrosome at the tip containing digestive enzymes to penetrate the egg.
