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C3 Cell Structure > Prokaryotic Cells And Viruses > Flashcards

Prokaryotic Cells And Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell?

A

Eukaryotic cells are larger and have a nucleus bounded by nuclear membranes, whereas prokaryotic cells are much smaller and have no nucleus.

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2
Q

What is some DNA in the form of in prokaryotic cells?

A

Circular strands called plasmids.

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3
Q

What ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have?

A

(70s) they are smaller.

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4
Q

What is the cell wall made of in prokaryotic cells?

A

Murein.

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5
Q

What do prokaryotic cells sometimes have?

A

An outer mucilaginous layer called a capsule.

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6
Q

What do prokaryotic cells not have?

A

Chloroplasts.

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7
Q

What cells don’t have membrane-bounded organelles?

A

Prokaryotic cells.

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8
Q

What is DNA associated with in eukaryotic cells?

A

Proteins called histones.

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9
Q

What are there none of in eukaryotic cells?

A

Plasmids and a capsule.

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10
Q

What is present in eukaryotic cells?

A

Chloroplasts and membrane-bounded organelles.

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11
Q

What are the ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

A

(80s) they are larger.

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12
Q

What are cell walls made of in eukaryotic cells when present?

A

Mostly cellulose or chitin in fungi.

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13
Q

Where do bacteria occur?

A

In every habitat in the world.

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14
Q

What size are bacteria?

A

From 0.1 to 10 micrometers in length.

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15
Q

What is bacteria’s success rate due to?

A

Their small size.

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16
Q

What is the cell wall made of in bacteria?

A

Murein.

17
Q

What is murein?

A

A polymer of polysaccharides and peptides.

18
Q

What do bacteria secrete around the cell wall and why?

A

A capsule of mucilaginous slime to further protect themselves.

19
Q

What ribosomes do bacteria cells have and what do they do?

A

(70s), synthesise proteins.

20
Q

What is the role of the cell wall in bacteria cells?

A

As a physical barrier that excludes certain substances and protects against mechanical damage and osmotic lysis.

21
Q

What is the role of a capsule in bacteria cells?

A

Protects bacterium from other cells and helps groups of bacteria to stick together for further protection.

22
Q

What is the role of the cell surface membrane in a bacteria cell?

A

To act as a differential,y permeable layer, which controls the entry and exit of chemicals.

23
Q

What do bacteria store food as?

A

Glycogen granules and oil droplets.

24
Q

What is the genetic material in in bacteria?

A

A circular strand (loop) of DNA.

25
Q

What is the role of circular DNA in bacteria?

A

Possesses the genetic information for the replication of bacteria cells.

26
Q

What is the role of plasmids in bacteria cells?

A

Possesses genes that may aid the survival of bacteria in adverse conditions, such as enzymes that break down antibiotics.

27
Q

What are plasmids used as in genetic engineering?

A

Vectors (carriers of genetic information)

28
Q

What are the features of a bacterial cell?

A

Cell wall, cell surface membrane, plasmids, ribosomes, capsule, cytoplasm, genetic material, and flagellum.

29
Q

What are viruses?

A

Acellular, non-living particles.

30
Q

What size are viruses?

A

20-300 nanometers.

31
Q

What do viruses contain?

A

Nuclei acids such as RNA or DNA as genetic material.

32
Q

Where can viruses only multiply?

A

In living host cells.

33
Q

What is the nuclei acid enclosed within in a virus?

A

A protein coat called the capsid.

34
Q

What are some viruses further surrounded by?

A

A lipid envelope.

35
Q

What do the lipid envelope or capsid have on them?

A

Attachment proteins.

36
Q

What do attachment proteins on viruses allow?

A

Viruses to identify and attach to a host cell.

37
Q

What features does a virus have?

A

Genetic material, attachment proteins, a capsid, a lipid envelope (sometimes), a matrix, and the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

C3 Cell Structure (6 decks)

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