Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses 2A Flashcards
What is a prokaryotic cell
A simple cell, with no membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic cell cytoplasm structure
No membrane bound organelles, smaller 70s ribosomes
Prokaryotic plasma membrane
Same as eukaryotic cell membrane
Prokaryotic cell wall
made from murein (a glycoprotein)
Flagellum function
long tail which propels the cell
Slime capsule structure and function
Made up of secreted slime. Helps protect bacteria from attack by cells of the immune system
Plasmids structure and function
Small loops of DNA that aren’t part of the main circular DNA molecule Plasmids contain genes for things like antibiotic resistance
Where is the main DNA in a bacterial cell
DNA floats free in the cytoplasm. It’s circular DNA present in one coiled- up strand and is not attached to any histone proteins
Virus structure
Nucleic acids surrounded by protein
What does acellular mean
Non living unable to reproduce on their own
What’s the protein coat around a virus called
A capsid
What are attachment proteins
They stick out of viruses and allow them to attach to host cells
Binary Fission
- The circular DNA and plasmids replicate. The main DNA loop is only replicated once, but plasmids can be replicated lots of times.
- The cell gets larger and the DNA loops move to opposite poles of the cell
- The cytoplasm begins to divide (and new cell walls begin to form)
- The cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are produced. Each daughter cell has one copy of the circular DNA but can have a variable number of copies of the plasmid(s)
How do viruses replicate
They use attachment proteins to bind to complementary receptor proteins on the surface of host cells.
They inject their DNA or RNA into the host cell
