Prokaryotic Cells + Inorganic Ions

Question 1

Structure of general prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

• cell wall
• cell membrane
• capsule
• flagellum
• plasmid
• genetic material
• cytoplasm
• ribosomes

Question 2

Functions of cell wall in pro.c

Answer 2

• made up of muerin (peptidoglycan)
• act as physical barrier that excludes certain substances and protect against mechanical damage and osmotic lysis

Question 3

Function of plasmids

Answer 3

• involve genes that may help the survival of bacteria e.g. antibiotics
• can reproduce independently, may give them resistance to antibiotics
• it is used extensively as vectors in genetic engineering

Question 4

Difference between pro.c vs euka.c

Answer 4

• no nucleus vs with nucleus
• DNA not associate with protein vs do associate
• smaller ribosomes 70s vs 80s
• murein cell wall vs cellulose cell wall

Question 5

Viruses structure

Answer 5

• contains nucleic acid
• can only reproduce in living host cell
• enclose with capsid, can be identified and attach to host cells

Question 6

Describe function of iron ion in haemoglobin (2)

Answer 6

1) Fe2+ ion can binds to oxygen in haemoglobin
2) when oxygen is bound, it allows Fe2+ turn into Fe3+ ion until oxygen is released

Question 7

Function of Hydrogen ions

Answer 7

• PH is measured on conc of H+ ions
• more H+ = more acidic so lower ph
• can affect enzyme controlled reaction

Question 8

Functions of sodium ions

Answer 8

• help co transport of carrying a.a and glucose pass through CSM into a cell

Question 9

Functions of phosphate ions

Answer 9

• PO43- attach to another molecule = phosphate group
  E.g. ATP, DNA
  = The bond between phosphate groups that store energy in ATP, hydrolysing that bond will release energy
  = phosphate in DNA and RNA allow phosphodiester bond to form

Question 10

Explain a property of iron ions that enables these ions to carry out their roles in red blood cells (2)

Answer 10

1) Fe2+ is charged and polar
2) enable oxygen to bind towards it and form oxyhaemoglobin