PROM

Question 1

What is the definition of prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM)?

Answer 1

PROM is defined as rupture of membranes before the onset of labor at or after 37 weeks of gestation.

Question 2

What is the definition of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM)?

Answer 2

PPROM refers to rupture of membranes before 37 weeks of gestation and prior to labor onset.

Question 3

How is prolonged rupture of membranes defined?

Answer 3

Prolonged ROM is when membranes rupture more than 18 hours before the onset of labor.

Question 4

What is the primary risk factor for PPROM?

Answer 4

A history of PPROM in a previous pregnancy.

Question 5

List three additional risk factors for PPROM.

Answer 5

1. History of sexually transmitted infections
2. Cigarette smoking
3. Low socioeconomic status

Question 6

How is abnormal rupture of membranes clinically diagnosed?

Answer 6

By observing a sudden gush of pale yellow or clear fluid from the vagina, or fluid pooling in the vaginal fornix on sterile speculum exam.

Question 7

Which bedside test confirms the presence of amniotic fluid in suspected PROM?

Answer 7

The nitrazine test, where the test strip turns blue due to the alkaline nature of amniotic fluid.

Question 8

What imaging finding may support the diagnosis of PROM?

Answer 8

Ultrasound showing oligohydramnios (reduced amniotic fluid volume).

Question 9

Name one key maternal complication of PROM.

Answer 9

Increased risk of intrauterine infection, especially with prolonged ROM.

Question 10

List three maternal complications associated specifically with PPROM.

Answer 10

1. Premature labor
2. Chorioamnionitis
3. Placental abruption → potential for sepsis and septic shock

Question 11

What is chorioamnionitis and what serious condition can it lead to in PPROM?

Answer 11

Chorioamnionitis is an intra-amniotic infection, and it can progress to maternal sepsis and septic shock.

Question 12

List three fetal complications of PPROM.

Answer 12

1. Prematurity
2. Umbilical cord prolapse
3. Antepartum fetal death

Question 13

What causes pulmonary hypoplasia in the fetus with PPROM?

Answer 13

Prolonged oligohydramnios reduces fetal lung expansion and development.

Question 14

Why is umbilical cord prolapse dangerous?

Answer 14

It can lead to umbilical cord compression, resulting in fetal hypoxia and death.

Question 15

Summarize the complications of PPROM for both mother and fetus.

Answer 15

Fetal: Prematurity, cord prolapse, pulmonary hypoplasia, fetal death
Maternal: Chorioamnionitis, sepsis, placental abruption