Properties of Biomolecules

Question 1

How many calories are in Lipids?

Answer 1

9 per gram

Question 2

How many calories are in Nucleic Acids?

Answer 2

2 per gram

Question 3

How many calories are in Carbs?

Answer 3

4 per gram

Question 4

How many calories are in Protiens?

Answer 4

4 per gram

Question 5

Carb atomic structure

Answer 5

C, 2H for every O

Question 6

Protein atomic structure

Answer 6

C, H, O & N

Question 7

Lipid atomic structure

Answer 7

C, H & O

Question 8

Nucleic Acid atomic structure

Answer 8

C, H, O, N & P

Question 9

Examples of simple carbs

Answer 9

fruit, honey, sugar

Question 10

Examples of complex carbs

Answer 10

potatoes, cereals, rice, bread, pasta

Question 11

Examples of proteins

Answer 11

beans, eggs, milk, nuts

Question 12

Examples of Lipids

Answer 12

butter, cream, oils, fried food

Question 13

Examples of Nucleic Acids

Answer 13

meat, fish, mushrooms, yeast, vegetables

Question 14

Function of Simple carbs.

Answer 14

Instant energy

Question 15

What is glycogen used for

Answer 15

Reserve energy in Muscle cells

Question 16

Where does carb digestion start?

Answer 16

Mouth

Question 17

Where does carb digestion end?

Answer 17

Small intestine

Question 18

What does glucose do?

Answer 18

Blood sugar, converted into ATP energy

Question 19

What moves glucose into cells?

Answer 19

Insulin

Question 20

What does insulin do?

Answer 20

Builds glycogen out of glucose

Question 21

What does glucadon do?

Answer 21

Breaks glycogen into glucose

Question 22

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 22

Liver and skeletal muscles

Question 23

What does protein do?

Answer 23

Build body parts and chemicals

Question 24

What body parts does protein make?

Answer 24

Skin, muscle, hair, nails

Question 25

What chemicals do proteins make?

Answer 25

enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters

Question 26

Where does protein digestion begin?

Answer 26

Stomach

Question 27

Where does protein digestion end?

Answer 27

Small Intestine

Question 28

When is protein used for energy?

Answer 28

In emergencies

Question 29

What are enzymes?

Answer 29

special proteins that make reactions happen faster

Question 30

Denaturing

Answer 30

Change of shape of protein so it does not function normally - heat, pH or salinity

Question 31

What type of energy are Lipids used for?

Answer 31

Long term energy

Question 32

What does the body use Lipids for?

Answer 32

Cell membranes, hormones, insulation, cushion

Question 33

Where are Lipids digested?

Answer 33

Small intestine

Question 34

Saturated fats

Answer 34

solid at room temp, animals - bacon, beef, lard - single bonds between all Carbons - hydrogen atoms at all possible places on carbon backbone

Question 35

Unsaturated fats

Answer 35

liquid at room temp, plants - corn oil, peanut oil - will have double bonds between carbons, thus fewer Hydrogens

Question 36

Trans fats

Answer 36

man made solid fat - oil turned into solid - margerine and shortening

Question 37

Why are trans fats bad for your health?

Answer 37

Sticks to artery walls, causes narrowing of arteries; increased blood pressure

Question 38

Anabolic

Answer 38

build molecules - estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

Question 39

Catabolic

Answer 39

break molecules down -anti - inflamatory steroid - cortisone, prednisone

Question 40

What are nucleic acids used for?

Answer 40

DNA, RNA, and ATP

Question 41

DNA

Answer 41

deoxyribose, double stranded, instructions on how to make protein, stays in the nucleus

Question 42

RNA

Answer 42

ribose sugar, single stranded, does what DNA tells it to - move around in the cell

Question 43

Where are nucleic acids digested in?

Answer 43

The small intestine

Question 44

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 44

BUILDING MOLECULES - BY FIRST REMOVING A WATER anabolic PROCESS

Question 45

Hydrolysis

Answer 45

BREAKING MOLECULES BY ADDING WATER - CATABOLIC REACTION

Question 46

Properties of water

Answer 46

Cohesion, Adhesion, Thermal Properties, Solvent Properties

Question 47

How far is each level on the pH scale?

Answer 47

10x the next number

Question 48

Donate H+ in water

Answer 48

Acids

Question 49

Gain H+ in water

Answer 49

Base

Question 50

Neutralization Reaction

Answer 50

Acid + Base = Salt + Water

Question 51

How do water molecules bond?

Answer 51

Positive Hydrogen to Negitive Oxygen

Question 52

What do buffers do?

Answer 52

Prevent pH change

Question 53

Normal body pH range

Answer 53

7.3 - 7.5

Question 54

Causes acidosis

Answer 54

Starvation, diabetic ketosis, diarrhea, alcohol

Question 55

Caused by acidosis

Answer 55

Coma

Question 56

Causes Alkadosis

Answer 56

Kidney failure, UTI, Vomiting, Gastric Suction

Question 57

Insulin

Answer 57

Decreases glucose levels by moving it into cells and turn it into glycogen

Question 58

Insulin is produced by

Answer 58

Beta cells

Question 59

Glucagon

Answer 59

Increases glucose levels by breaking glycogen

Question 60

Glucagon is produced by

Answer 60

Alpha cells

Question 61

Caused by Alkalosis

Answer 61

Tetanus

Question 62

What test do you boil when testing biomolecules

Answer 62

Benedict's Test

Question 63

Body pH too acidic

Answer 63

Acidosis

Question 64

Body pH too basic

Answer 64

Alkalosis

Question 65

The chemical process of BUILDING molecules.

Answer 65

anabolic reactions

Question 66

The chemical process of BREAKING DOWN molecules.

Answer 66

catabolic reactions

Question 66

Bio-

Answer 66

Living/life

Question 67

Making a molecule by removing water

Answer 67

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 68

Breaking a molecule down by adding water

Answer 68

Hydrolysis

Question 69

Hydro-

Answer 69

Water

Question 70

Saturated Fats

Answer 70

Solid at room temp.

Question 71

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 71

Liquid at room temp.

Question 72

-Lysis

Answer 72

to split/break apart

Question 73

Chem-

Answer 73

Chemicals

Question 74

Function of Complex carbs.

Answer 74

Reserve energy stored in liver and muscles