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Anat. & Physio. > Properties of Biomolecules > Flashcards

Properties of Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

How many calories are in Lipids?

A

9 per gram

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2
Q

How many calories are in Nucleic Acids?

A

2 per gram

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3
Q

How many calories are in Carbs?

A

4 per gram

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4
Q

How many calories are in Protiens?

A

4 per gram

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5
Q

Carb atomic structure

A

C, 2H for every O

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6
Q

Protein atomic structure

A

C, H, O & N

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7
Q

Lipid atomic structure

A

C, H & O

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8
Q

Nucleic Acid atomic structure

A

C, H, O, N & P

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9
Q

Examples of simple carbs

A

fruit, honey, sugar

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10
Q

Examples of complex carbs

A

potatoes, cereals, rice, bread, pasta

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11
Q

Examples of proteins

A

beans, eggs, milk, nuts

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12
Q

Examples of Lipids

A

butter, cream, oils, fried food

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13
Q

Examples of Nucleic Acids

A

meat, fish, mushrooms, yeast, vegetables

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14
Q

Function of Simple carbs.

A

Instant energy

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15
Q

What is glycogen used for

A

Reserve energy in Muscle cells

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16
Q

Where does carb digestion start?

A

Mouth

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17
Q

Where does carb digestion end?

A

Small intestine

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18
Q

What does glucose do?

A

Blood sugar, converted into ATP energy

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19
Q

What moves glucose into cells?

A

Insulin

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20
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Builds glycogen out of glucose

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21
Q

What does glucadon do?

A

Breaks glycogen into glucose

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22
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

Liver and skeletal muscles

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23
Q

What does protein do?

A

Build body parts and chemicals

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24
Q

What body parts does protein make?

A

Skin, muscle, hair, nails

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25
Q

What chemicals do proteins make?

A

enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters

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26
Q

Where does protein digestion begin?

A

Stomach

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27
Q

Where does protein digestion end?

A

Small Intestine

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28
Q

When is protein used for energy?

A

In emergencies

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29
Q

What are enzymes?

A

special proteins that make reactions happen faster

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30
Q

Denaturing

A

Change of shape of protein so it does not function normally - heat, pH or salinity

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31
Q

What type of energy are Lipids used for?

A

Long term energy

32
Q

What does the body use Lipids for?

A

Cell membranes, hormones, insulation, cushion

33
Q

Where are Lipids digested?

A

Small intestine

34
Q

Saturated fats

A

solid at room temp, animals - bacon, beef, lard - single bonds between all Carbons - hydrogen atoms at all possible places on carbon backbone

35
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

liquid at room temp, plants - corn oil, peanut oil - will have double bonds between carbons, thus fewer Hydrogens

36
Q

Trans fats

A

man made solid fat - oil turned into solid - margerine and shortening

37
Q

Why are trans fats bad for your health?

A

Sticks to artery walls, causes narrowing of arteries; increased blood pressure

38
Q

Anabolic

A

build molecules - estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

39
Q

Catabolic

A

break molecules down -anti - inflamatory steroid - cortisone, prednisone

40
Q

What are nucleic acids used for?

A

DNA, RNA, and ATP

41
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribose, double stranded, instructions on how to make protein, stays in the nucleus

42
Q

RNA

A

ribose sugar, single stranded, does what DNA tells it to - move around in the cell

43
Q

Where are nucleic acids digested in?

A

The small intestine

44
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

BUILDING MOLECULES - BY FIRST REMOVING A WATER anabolic PROCESS

45
Q

Hydrolysis

A

BREAKING MOLECULES BY ADDING WATER - CATABOLIC REACTION

46
Q

Properties of water

A

Cohesion, Adhesion, Thermal Properties, Solvent Properties

47
Q

How far is each level on the pH scale?

A

10x the next number

48
Q

Donate H+ in water

A

Acids

49
Q

Gain H+ in water

A

Base

50
Q

Neutralization Reaction

A

Acid + Base = Salt + Water

51
Q

How do water molecules bond?

A

Positive Hydrogen to Negitive Oxygen

52
Q

What do buffers do?

A

Prevent pH change

53
Q

Normal body pH range

A

7.3 - 7.5

54
Q

Causes acidosis

A

Starvation, diabetic ketosis, diarrhea, alcohol

55
Q

Caused by acidosis

A

Coma

56
Q

Causes Alkadosis

A

Kidney failure, UTI, Vomiting, Gastric Suction

57
Q

Insulin

A

Decreases glucose levels by moving it into cells and turn it into glycogen

58
Q

Insulin is produced by

A

Beta cells

59
Q

Glucagon

A

Increases glucose levels by breaking glycogen

60
Q

Glucagon is produced by

A

Alpha cells

61
Q

Caused by Alkalosis

A

Tetanus

62
Q

What test do you boil when testing biomolecules

A

Benedict’s Test

63
Q

Body pH too acidic

A

Acidosis

64
Q

Body pH too basic

A

Alkalosis

65
Q

The chemical process of BUILDING molecules.

A

anabolic reactions

66
Q

The chemical process of BREAKING DOWN molecules.

A

catabolic reactions

66
Q

Bio-

A

Living/life

67
Q

Making a molecule by removing water

A

Dehydration Synthesis

68
Q

Breaking a molecule down by adding water

A

Hydrolysis

69
Q

Hydro-

A

Water

70
Q

Saturated Fats

A

Solid at room temp.

71
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

Liquid at room temp.

72
Q

-Lysis

A

to split/break apart

73
Q

Chem-

A

Chemicals

74
Q

Function of Complex carbs.

A

Reserve energy stored in liver and muscles

Anat. & Physio. (4 decks)

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