Properties of Life

Question 1

7 Innate Properties of Life

Answer 1

Evolution
Response to the Environment
Metabolism
Reproduction
Genetic Material
Organization
Homeostasis

Question 2

Existence of Life can be be manifested by:

Answer 2

the presence of carbon

Question 3

Chemical Bonds

Answer 3

Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
Hydrogen Bond
Van der Waals Forces

Question 4

Covalent Bond

Answer 4

sharing of electrons; two non-metal elements

Question 5

Ionic Bond

Answer 5

transfer of electrons; metal and non-metal

Question 6

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 6

attraction between positive H+ atom and negatively (-) charged lone electron pairs

Question 7

Van der Waals Forces

Answer 7

Temporary dipole formation between two atoms of different electronegativities

Question 8

Essential Elements

Answer 8

Major Elements

Trace Elements

Question 9

Major Elements

Answer 9

CHON (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen)

growth and development

Question 10

Trace Elements

Answer 10

Vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, H, K)

required in small quantities

Question 11

Vitamins

Answer 11

essential for normal growth and functioning of organisms

Question 12

Vitamin A (Retinol/ Beta carotene)

Answer 12

healthy eyes, growth and development

Question 13

Vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B9, B12)
                 (T, R, N, P, F, C)

Answer 13

energy production from carbohydrates;

blood cell formation and normal nerve function

Question 14

Vitamin C

Answer 14

Antioxidant;

connective tissue formation, bones and teeth

Question 15

Vitamin D

Answer 15

normal bone growth and tooth function

Calcium and Phosphorus absorption

Question 16

Vitamin E

Answer 16

Antioxidant;

Red Blood Cell (RBC) regulation and protects the body

Question 17

Vitamin H (Biotin)

Answer 17

Metabolism of carbohydrates;

Synthesis of fats and proteins

Question 18

Vitamin K

Answer 18

Blood Clotting

Question 19

Vitamin B1

Answer 19

Thiamine

Question 20

Vitamin B2

Answer 20

Riboflavin

Question 21

Vitamin B3

Answer 21

Niacin

Question 22

Vitamin B5

Answer 22

Pantothenic Acid

Question 23

Vitamin B9

Answer 23

Folic Acid

Question 24

Vitamin B12

Answer 24

Cyanocobalamin

Question 25

Macromolecules

Answer 25

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acid

Question 26

Carbohydrates

Answer 26

contain C, H and O classified based on number of sugar units Empirical Formula: Cm(H20)n

Question 27

Monosaccharide

Answer 27

one unit of saccharin (sugar) | Examples: Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

Question 28

Disaccharide

Answer 28

two units of sugar | Example: Lactose, Sucrose, Maltose

Question 29

Oligosaccharide

Answer 29

three to nine monosaccharides

Question 30

Polysaccharide

Answer 30

more than 10 monosaccharides Examples: Starch-plant storage Glycogen-animal storage

Question 31

Lipids (Triglyceride, Animal, Plant)

Answer 31

organic compounds from alcohol and fatty acids

Question 32

Triglyceride (neutral fat)

Answer 32

glycerol +3 fatty acids

Question 33

Saturated Fat (animal fat)

Answer 33

stays solid at room temperature

Question 34

Unsaturated Fat (vegetable fat)

Answer 34

stays liquid at room temperature

Question 35

Proteins

Answer 35

contains C, H, O and N; | composed of amino acids linked together by a peptide bond

Question 36

Amino acids

Answer 36

building blocks of proteins

Question 37

Peptide bond

Answer 37

links amino acids

Question 38

Examples of Proteins

Answer 38

Collagen, Elastin, Keratin-Structural Support Actin, Myosin -Muscle Contraction Insulin- Chemical Messengers Ipoprotein, Hemoglobin- Transport Enzymes- Catalyst of biological reactions MHCs- Identification of self-cells Albumin- Storage

Question 39

Nucleic Acids

Answer 39

composed of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds

Question 40

Nucleotide

Answer 40

building block of nucleic acid | contains: Pentose sugar (pentagon), nitrogeneous base (rectangle), phosphate group (circle)

Question 41

Nitrogeneous Base (Purine and Pyrimidine)

Answer 41

Purine: Adenine, Guanine Pyrimidine: Cytosine, Thymine PARTNERS (meaning same amount): Guanine-------Cytosine Adenine-------Thymine

Question 42

Pentose Sugar (Deoxyribose, Ribose)

Answer 42

Deoxyribose: found in DNA Ribose: found in RNA

Question 43

DNA Structure and Characteristics

Answer 43

Double stranded Starnds are anti-parallel: One strand: 5'----> 3' Partner strand: 3'------> 5' Double helix

Question 44

Properties of Water

Answer 44

Polar-contains both + and - charge making it an effective solvent Capable of forming Hydrogen bonding (H+ and - atom)

Question 45

Consequences of Hydrogen-Bonding

Answer 45

Cohesion-molecules aggregate together Surface Tension-cohesion from H-bonding High Specific Heat-able to resist temperature changes High Latent Heat of Vaporization- high amount of heat to transform water to gas High Latent of Fusion- high amount of heat to transform solid to liquid

Question 46

Adhesion

Answer 46

water attracted to glass/ other substances

Question 47

Cohesion

Answer 47

water attracted to water