The Cell

Question 1

The Cell

Answer 1

Fundamental functional unit of life

Question 2

Type of Cells

Answer 2

Prokayotic & Eukaryotic

Question 3

Prokaryotes

Answer 3

do not have “true” nucleus or any membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic Organisms:
Bacteria
Archaea

Question 4

Eukaryotes

Answer 4

possess “true” nucleus and membrane bound organelles

DNA is packed with histones which are proteins that wrapped around by DNA

Eukaryotic Organisms:
Protists*
Fungi
Animals
Plants

Question 5

Prokaryotes

Answer 5

Nucleus: -
DNA: Circular
DNA Location: Nucleoid region
Chromosomes: Single
Histones: -
Ribosomes: +
Membrane-bound organelles: -
Cell Division: Binary Fission

Question 6

Eukaryotes

Answer 6

Nucleus: +
DNA: Linear
DNA Location: Nucleus
Chromosomes: Multiple
Histones: +
Ribosomes: +
Membrane-bound organelles: +
Cell Division: Mitosis

Question 7

PARTS OF EUKARYOTIC CELL

Answer 7

A. Cell Membrane: Fluid Mosaic Model
Semi-permeable
B. Cytoplasm: portion of cell inside cell membrane
:filled with gel like material called cytosol

  Membrane-bound Organelles
           -Rough ER
           -Smooth ER
           -Golgi complex
           -Lysosome
           -Peroxisome
           -Mitochondria
Non-Membrane-bound Organelles
           -Ribosomes
           -Centrioles
           -Cytoskeletal Components: Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments, Microtubules

C. Nucleus: houses genetic material

Question 8

Rough ER

Answer 8

proper folding of proteins; has ribosomes

Question 9

Smooth ER

Answer 9

lipid and steroid synthesis

Question 10

Golgi Complex

Answer 10

protein modification and packaging

steriod-based hormone production

Question 11

Lysosome

Answer 11

programmed for cell death “apoptosis”

Question 12

Peroxisome

Answer 12

breaking down of fatty acid; Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is involved

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

“powerhouse”

ATP synthesis

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Centrioles

Answer 15

Microtubule formation during cell division

Question 16

Microfilaments

Answer 16

gives shape to animal cells

Question 17

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 17

structural support

Question 18

Microtubules

Answer 18

movement of chromosomes during cell division

Question 19

Endomembrane System

Answer 19

composed of membrane bound organelles involved in protein manufacturing

Components: Nucleus,—>Rough ER,—-> Golgi Complex

Question 20

Nucleus

Answer 20

houses genetic material

Question 21

Chromatin

Answer 21

DNA + Histones

Question 22

Nucleolus

Answer 22

dark portion of nucleus
observed in non dividing cells
rich in RNA

Question 23

Nuclear Envelope or Nuclear Membrane

Answer 23

encloses nucleus
separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm
lined with nuclear pores

Question 24

Plant Cell

Answer 24

Unique Components:
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Plastids

Does not have:
Lysosomes
Centrioles

Question 25

Animal Cell

Answer 25

Unique Components: Lysosomes Centrioles Does not have: Chloroplast Vacuole Cell Wall Plastids

Question 26

Movement of Material

Answer 26

A. Passive Transport 1. Diffusion 2. Facilitated Diffusion 3. Osmosis Concentration Gradients: * Isotonic Solution * Hypotonic Solution * Hypertonic Solution B. Active Transport 1. Endocytosis * Phagocytosis * Pinocytosis 2. Exocytosis

Question 27

Passive Transport

Answer 27

movement of material which does not require energy or ATP | movement is guided by concentration gradients

Question 28

Diffusion

Answer 28

movement of solutes from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 29

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 29

movement of solutes from a high concentration to a low concentration aided by membrane carriers

Question 30

Osmosis

Answer 30

movement of solutes from a low concentration to a high concentration through a semipermeable membrane

Question 31

Isotonic Solution

Answer 31

equal concentration of solute inside and outside the cell

Question 32

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 32

higher concentration of solute inside than outside the cell which means loss of water in cell causing it to shrink (Plasmolysis) Plant Cells: Flaccid Animal Cells: Crenation

Question 33

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 33

lower concentration of solute inside the cell than outside which means huge amount of water in cell causing to swell or burst (Turgor Pressure) Plant Cells: Turgid Animal Cells: Burst

Question 34

Active Transport

Answer 34

movement of material which requires energy or ATP | direction of transport usually against concentration gradient

Question 35

Movement of Ions

Answer 35

faciliated through protein pumps | embedded across plasma membrane

Question 36

Endocytosis

Answer 36

bulk entrance of material into a cell Types: Phagocytosis: "cell eating" Pinocytosis: "cell drinking"

Question 37

Phagocytosis

Answer 37

"cell eating"

Question 38

Pinocytosis

Answer 38

"cell drinking"

Question 39

Exocytosis

Answer 39

bulk exit of material from a cell