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Thermodynamics > Properties Of Substance > Flashcards

Properties Of Substance Flashcards

1
Q

What is needed to define the thermodynamic state of a substance?

A

The thermodynamic state of a substance is defined by two or more independent thermodynamic properties.

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2
Q

What are all the independent thermodynamic properties of a substance?

A

Pressure, temperature, specific volume, specific internal energy, specific enthalpy, and specific entropy.

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3
Q

What is a subcooled liquid?

A

A liquid that can absorb energy without vaporizing. (A liquid not at its boiling point.)

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4
Q

When is a substance in the subcooled liquid phase?

A

A substance is in the subcooled liquid phase if its temperature is less than its saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure and if it’s pressure is greater than its saturation pressure corresponding to its temperature.

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5
Q

What is a saturated liquid?

A

A liquid that has absorbed as much energy as it can without vaporizing (A liquid at its boiling point).

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6
Q

What is a liquid vapor mixture?

A

A substance whose liquid and vapor phases are coexisting at the same temperature and pressure.

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7
Q

When is a substance in the liquid vapor phase?

A

A substance is in the liquid vapor phase when it’s pressure is equal to its saturation pressure corresponding to its temperature and when it’s temperature is equal to its saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure.

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8
Q

What is a saturated vapor?

A

A vapor that can no longer lose energy without condensing.

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9
Q

What is a superheated vapor?

A

A vapor that has absorbed more than is needed to just vaporize it.

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10
Q

When is a substance in the superheated phase?

A

A substance is in the superheated phase when it’s temperature is greater than its saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure and when it’s pressure is less than its saturation pressure corresponding to it’s temperature.

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11
Q

What is an ideal gas?

A

A gas whose molecules do not interact. Usually a gas with very low pressure or temperature that is much higher than its critical temperature.

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12
Q

What is a perfect gas?

A

An ideal gas whose specific heats are constant.

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13
Q

What is a real gas?

A

A gas whose molecules interact with each other (Especially true for gases at low temperatures).

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14
Q

What is the triple point of a substance?

A

A state at which solid, liquid and gaseous phases can coexist.

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15
Q

What are intensive properties?

A

Properties independent of the amount of substance present.

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16
Q

What are extensive properties?

A

Properties dependent on the amount of substance present.

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17
Q

What is mass?

A

Mass of a substance is a measure of its quantity independent of location and gravitational field strength.

18
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

Atmospheric pressure is the the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere and it’s measured at sea level.

19
Q

What is gauge pressure?

A

Gauge pressure is any other pressure exerted on an object by something other than the atmosphere.

20
Q

What is absolute pressure?

A

Absolute pressure is the addition of atmospheric and gauge pressure.

21
Q

What is temperature?

A

A thermodynamic property that depends on the energy content of the substance. The main scale used is the absolute scale.

22
Q

What is internal energy?

A

Internal energy is a function of temperature and it accounts for all the energy of a substance excluding pressure, potential and kinetic energies.

23
Q

What is enthalpy?

A

Enthalpy represents the total useful energy of a substance. Useful energy consists of two parts: the specific internal energy and the flow work or boundary work.

24
Q

What is entropy?

A

A measure of the energy that is no longer available to do useful work within the current environment.

25
Q

What is specific heat?

A

The heat per unit mass needed to change the temperature of a substance by one degree.

26
Q

Specific heat for liquids and solids?

A

Specific heats of solids and liquids are temperature dependent and essentially the same.

27
Q

Specific heat for gases?

A

For gases, the specific heat depends on the type of process during which heat exchange occurs. (Either constant pressure or constant volume).

28
Q

What is quality?

A

The amount of water vapor present in the mixture in any proportion between 0 (saturated liquid) and 1 (saturated vapor).

29
Q

What is quality equal to?

A

The mass of vapor divided by the total mass of the of the liquid vapor mixture.

30
Q

What is the specific gas constant?

A

It is a constant used is the ideal gas law for the gas being analyzed. It is independent of the process and will stay constant as long as the molecular weight doesn’t change.

31
Q

What is the specific gas constant equal to?

A

It is the universal gas constant divided by the molecular weight of the particular substance.

32
Q

How is the ideal gas law, specific enthalpy and specific internal energy related?

A

h = u + pv = u + RT

33
Q

For an ideal gas how are specific heats related to the specific gas constant?

A

The specific heat at constant pressure minus the specific heat at constant volume is equal to the specific gas constant.

34
Q

How are specific enthalpy and specific internal energy affected in an isothermal process for an ideal gas?

A

For an ideal gas going through an isothermal process. The specific enthalpy is independent of pressure and specific internal energy is independent of specific volume.

35
Q

What is the ratio of specific heats equal to?

A

The specific heat at constant pressure divided by the specific heat at constant volume.

36
Q

What is the critical point?

A

The critical point is the highest point of the vapor dome curve and it’s where the saturated vapor line and saturated liquid line meet. Above this point there is no distinction between liquid and vapor phases.

37
Q

What is the reduced pressure equal to?

A

The pressure divided by the critical pressure of the substance.

38
Q

What is reduced temperature equal to?

A

The temperature divided by the critical temperature of the substance.

39
Q

What is the theorem of corresponding states?

A

Says that real gas behavior deviates from ideal gas behavior by a factor known as the compressibility factor.

40
Q

How is the compressibility factor found?

A

The compressibility factor is found using the reduced temperature and reduced pressure.

41
Q

What is the compressibility equation of state?

A

Its the equation of state for real gases. It uses the ideal gas law, corrected by the compressibility factor to find real gas behavior.

42
Q

What is the compressibility equation of state equal to?

A

Pv = ZRT

Thermodynamics (5 decks)

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