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Property Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What are the that need to be taken prior to exchange of contracts

A

Report to client in writing results of title investigation, searches and enquiries, terms of contract and mortage offer

Report to lender if acting whether property is god security for loan and has good marketable value

Ensure the client has sufficient funds to complete including accepting mortage offer and complied/be able to comply with any conditions

Ensure that insurance is available immediately following exchange (standard contracts of sale) as risk passes to buyer on exchange

Completion date

Express authority to exchange (written ideally)

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2
Q

What are the different methods of exchange

A

Usual telephone (solicitors in different counties)

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3
Q

Which Law Society Formula should be used

A

Formula A if seller’s solicitor has both own and buyers
signed copies of contract plus deposit

Formula B if both solicitors have own client’s signed part

Formula C if chain

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4
Q

Which to discuss with opposing solicitors in conveyancing

A

Introduce

Get full name of opponent

Confirm ready to Exchange

Identify Property and Completion Date

Confirm who is holding which documents and which formula applies

Take contemporaneous note

Personal liability of undertaking

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5
Q

Aspects of Formula A

A

Seller confirms inserting agreed completion date in both contracts

Seller confirms inserting completion date and exchanging under formula A, date and time

Seller confirms inserting today’s date at top as agreement date

Seller confirms holding client’s part of contract to buyer’s order

Seller gives undertaking to buyer to send part

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6
Q

Aspects of Formula B

A

Each confirms inserting agreed completion date in signed contract

Confirm exchange Law Society Formula and Time and Date

Confirm inserting today’s date at top of contract as agreement date

Each confirm that holding client’s contract to together solicitor’s order

Undertake to sent today/1st class, DX/hand - seller then Buyer plus deposit

NB under B undertaking to deposit by bankers draft/solicitors client account cheque, conflicts standard, so agree variation of formula

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7
Q

Which matters are to be discussed in contracted during exchange?

A

Agreed completion date

Agreed date of contract

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8
Q

Which professional conduct issues arise when carrying out exchange of contracts

A

Undertakings required under law society formula

Must agree with timescales

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9
Q

Pre-contract

A

Seller: investigates title and prepares contract; buyer does pre-contract searches + investigates title

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10
Q

Conflicts

A

Cannot act for buyer and seller, can act for buyer and lender but only in residential.
Duty to inform of contract races - get client instructions
Undertakings - make sure can do it

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11
Q

Is VAT due

A

Yes commercial: MUST if less than 3 years; CAN if more than 3 years old - so negotiate a promise not to change their mind OR if law changes, is included - in the contract
No residential

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12
Q

Pre-Contract searches Mandatory

A
  1. Local search (3 x searches - local authority eg. planning permission LLC1, CON29R is private road/public road, environment, planning, listed, CON29O
  2. Drainage & Water
  3. Pre-Contract enquiries with seller: eg. occupiers
  4. Environment Risk Assessment
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13
Q

If private road

A

Need easement right of way

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14
Q

Pre-Contract non-mandatory searches

A
  1. Company - insolvency, floating charges
  2. Mining
  3. Environment Agency (flooding)
  4. Chancel Repair
  5. Railway embankments,

If unregistered: index map search & land charges searche

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15
Q

Why must seller investigate title

A

Seller’s side of contract is duty to inform of burden

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16
Q

Investigation for title - unregistered land

A
  1. Go back 15 years
  2. Reasonable identifiable land
  3. Must deal with all legal and equitable title eg. ‘estate in free simple’
  4. No doubt on land
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17
Q

Checklist for unregistered title checks: doubt on title (SELLER)

A
  1. Document properly stamped and duty paid - AV stamp, if no duty payable as long as wording saying is below threshold
  2. Break in chain of ownership - ok as long as can be explained, eg. death certificate, marriage certificate
  3. Property adequately/consistently described
  4. Incumbrances - registered against the individual who took on the burden - so search every person who has owned the land and cover full period of insurance
  5. Have mortgages been discharge - check back of contract
  6. Chain of personal indemnity covenants - previous promises
  7. Correctly executed - pre 31.7.90 - signed, sealed and delivered; post - signed and witnessed
  8. If documents related to PRE root- can request from seller. Check back pages

REMEDY: insurance

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18
Q

Land Charges Codes

A 
Restrictive covenant - D ii
Estate contract, eg an interest that isn't completed, in course, option - C iv
Puisne 2nd Mortgage C i
Equitable easement D iii
Spouse right of occupation F
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19
Q

Positive covenants

A

Do no bind the land

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20
Q

Unregistered covenants - how binding?

A

Restrictive contract pre 1.1.26 if NOTICE

Easements

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21
Q

On title: Restriction - no disposition by a sole proprietor

A

Suggests tenants in common

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22
Q

On title: Caution

A

Suggests someone expressing an interest in land. Not checked by LR
Look into - can be struck off if not evidenced.
Stopped Oct 2013- unilateral notice

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23
Q

Overview of title:
Property
Proprietorship
Charges

A

Property - benefits and burdens of land
Proprietorship - personal matters for ownership - not burdens
Charges - Burdens

ONLY disclose burdens on land after completion as specified incumbrances - eg. mortgage that will be paid off won’t be included

24
Q

What is a qualified restrictive covenant?

A

Buyer covenants not to do something without consent

25
What is a fully qualified restrictive covenant
Buyer covenants not to do something without consent not to be unreasonably withheld
26
How many entries on title
Mortgages - 2: existence and owner
27
Remedy for covenant when investigating title
Ask to be released/Insurance. If old, insurance probably cheaper
28
Restrictive covenants - which runs with land
Only negative. Positive must ensure has personal indemnity - chain of personal indemnity covenants - will be in title register
29
Amendments to property/change of use - need planning permission
Yes if exterior, unless GDPO - general development planning order - can be revoked Or material change of use
30
What about internal changes
Buildings Regulation Consent
31
Making changes
1. Building regs 2. Planning enforcement periods. Start within 3, building works w/o permission - 4; breach planning 10, change of use - 10 3. Listed 4. Title restrictions. If old, insurance. New: beneficiary
32
What do you need to draft contracts
Official copies of contracts and client instructions
33
When are you bound by the contract
On exchange
34
Standard conditions for full title guarantee
Can be limited to knowledge during ownership - fine if buying from someone who didn't check it out, OK if personal representatives - if bought from solicitor should be full title guarantee - FULL title guarantee is no burdens prior to or during, limited is just during
35
VAT payable?
NOT residential Commercial: NEW (up to 3 years) MUST normally charge, can negotiate to be in price OLD - can be charged up to day of completion. Negotiate no VAT and promise not to impose OR include VAT in the price AND if law changes Need to reflect in contract. SCPC 1.4.1 - and special condition 1.4.2 Special page A1 commercial contract
36
Process to complete as seller
Approve transfer and give undertaking to discharge mortgage
37
Process to complete as buyer
Draft purchase deed (transfer) Report to Lender Draft and Buyer executes mortgage deed Pre-completion searches
38
After completion as seller
Comply with undertaking to discharge mortgage
39
After completion as buyer
Pay Stamp Duty Land Tax and Register transaction
40
What forms for selling land
TR1 - whole land | TP1 - part land
41
What pre-completion searches are carried out
OS1 - search against title number - to check if any new burdens on title and protection of priority period (K15 if unregistered against name of seller) Seller - check company search for solvency and floating charges Searches for solvency if acting for Mortgage lender
42
Post completion matters
Stamp duty - form SDLT1 - within 30 days of completion, if not fine and interest, and need to complete registration for both buyer and lender Registration - new proprietor and new charge if mortgage on AP1, or FR1 if unregistered. Registered land: within 30 working days of search result the priority period, 2 months if unregistered. If not, loose protection of priority period, won't get legal title, lender won't get legal charge
43
Grant/assignment of lease length
Sublease must be at least 1 day shorter than head lease otherwise is an assignment
44
Old leases - pre-1996 1.1.
Chain of personal covenants to enforce as landlord. Personal indemnity covenant - they are implied by STATUTE
45
In questions on leases, what must cite
the relevant provision
46
New leases - how to deal with tenant liability
Landlord can refuse assignment of lease if old tenant doesn't agree to be liable for new tenant (but only during their period of ownership) - so old tenant needs personal covenant from new tenant. Must be expressly included.
47
Forfeiture of lease
1. Breach 2. Provision in lease for forfeiture 3. Non-payment rent - must serve formal demand, then go to court 4. Anything else - must serve notice specifying breach, remedy and time, then court tenant can apply for relief
48
Termination of protected tenancy
s25 notice - less than 12 months, but more than 6 months before proposed end date. Both can agree. Both can go to court to apply for new lease before end date. Grounds must be supplied
49
What is the consequence of a joint tenant being dead before sale of property
1. need copy death certificate 2. share will not automatically pass to wife, as need to be sure that person entitled to the interest will agree to the sale. Need to appoint 2nd trustee: eg. seller's solicitor
50
How deal with mortgages on property prior to sale
Request seller's solicitor to give an undertaking that the mortgages will be discharged
51
When selling, how to deal with breach of covenant? eg. extension
1. indemnity insurance - seller to pay 2. retrospective consent - expensive and time delay, make insurance difficult to get 3. apply to tribunal for restriction to be removed. 4. will need lender's approval 5. breach planning permission? 4 years to enforce. 6. Does it have buildings regulation approval? 7. Full Structural Survey
52
What are the post completion steps for a buyer?
1. Receive confirmation that seller's undertakings discharged and proof - release from undertaking 2. Stamp Duty Land Tax - fee and SDLT 1 form within 30 days of completion. Will receive certificate on payment SDLT 5. If not, fine payable and transaction cannot be registered. 3. Registration at HM LR - Form AP1 + executed transfer, mortgage deed, SDLT 5, DS1 to prove mortgage discharged, RX3 to remove restrictions, pay registration fee 4. Failure to register: legal title will not pass to buyer, lender will only have equitable charge, protection of priority period is lost, so adverse entries would now attach to the property to bind buyer and lender
53
Checking epitome of title
Land Charges Certificate Search results - request copes of any lettered covenants. Need to check don't relate to property as could bind buyer. PLEASE SUPPLY COPIES OF ALL LAND CHARGES SEARCH CERTIFICATES AGAINST ALL ESTATE OWNERS OF THE PROPERTY FROM 1925 IN YOUR POSSESSION. 2. Request copies of any missing conveyance / plan + any restrictive covenants. 3. Check conveyance is stamped - request explanation, rectification, and any penalty paid. Lack of stamp: not good root of title, not valid link in chain, not accepted by LR on app for first registration and cannot be used in civil proceedings to prove title 4. Conveyance after 1/12/1990: should have been registered. Register at seller's expense. If not registered, transfer is void so title reverts. Can use special condition of contract 5. If joint tenants sell, need explanation: evidence tenancy wasn't severed in form of bankruptcy search. Death certificate. Sole joint tenant can sell if: no bankruptcy petition or order registered as a land charge; no memorandum of severance endorsed on conveyance, and conveyance states survivor is sole and beneficial owner 6. Requisition: changes of name 7. If someone dies, need evidence of sole ownership of survivor or second trustee to overreach 8. discharge of mortgages
54
What is good root of title
1. at least 15 years 2. deals with whole of property: conveyance 3. Must contain adequate description of property. Need in order to register 4. Look at Land Charges Act Search - look at names which may indicate that they relate to a property 5. Look for PD's - particulars delivered
55
Documents for unregistered land
1. Epitome of Title | 2. Land Charges Act Search - central registry. D2: restrictive covenant against names -

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