Protected and conserved areas 1 Flashcards
Protected areas
Probably THE most important conservation tool
Global targets
By 2020: 17% of land and 10% of water
By 2030: 30% of land and water
Protected and conserved areas - two main aspects
Representativeness
Persistence
Planning
Performance
What is a protected area?
A clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values
IUCN management categories
- Strict Nature Reserve
- Wilderness Area
- National Park
- Natural Monument or Feature
- Habitat/Species Management Area
- Protected Landscape/Seascape
- Protected Area with sustainable use of natural resources
Strict nature reserve
Strictly protected areas set aside to protect biodiversity and also possibly geological/morphological features, where human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection of the conservation values
Wilderness Area
Protected areas are usually large unmodified or slightly modified areas, retaining their natural character and influence without permanent or significant human habitation, which are protected and managed so as to preserve their natural condition
National Park
protected areas are large natural or near natural areas set aside to protect large-scale ecological processes, along with the complement of species and ecosystems characteristic of the area, which also provide a foundation for environmentally
and culturally compatible, spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational, and visitor opportunities.
Natural monument
a comparatively smaller area that is specifically
allocated to protect a natural monument and its surrounding habitats.
These monuments can
be natural in the fullest sense or include elements that have been influenced or introduced by humans. The latter should hold biodiversity associations or could otherwise be classified as a historical or spiritual site, though this distinction can be quite difficult to ascertain.
Habitat/Species management
protected areas aim to protect particular species
or habitats and management reflects this priority.
Many Category IV protected areas will need regular, active interventions to address the requirements of particular species or to maintain habitats, but this is not a requirement of the category
Protected Landscape/seascape
A protected area where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced an area of distinct character with significant, ecological, biological, cultural and
scenic value: and where safeguarding the integrity of this interaction is vital to protecting and
sustaining the area and its associated nature conservation and other values
Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources
protected areas conserve
ecosystems and habitats together with associated cultural values and traditional natural resource management systems. They are generally large, with most of the area in a natural condition, where a
proportion is under sustainable natural resource management and where low-level non-industrial use of natural resources compatible with nature conservation is seen as one of the main aims of the area
IUCN management categories are based on two main elements
- What are the objectives of the protected areas
- What are the natural “values” of the site
NOT based on:
- Management activites/actions
- Laws and regulations
Other effective areas based conservation measures (OECMs)
A geographically defined area other than a Protected Area, which
is governed and managed in ways that achieve positive and sustained long-term outcomes for the in situ conservation of
biodiversity, with associated ecosystem functions and services and where applicable, cultural, spiritual, socio–economic, and other
locally relevant values
Aichi Target 11
By 2020, protect at least 17% of land and inland water, and 10% of coastal and marine areas. Focus on important places for biodiversity and ecosystem services. These areas should be well-managed, fairly governed, ecologically diverse, connected, and included in broader land and sea use planning.
Kunming-Montreal GBF target 3
By 2030, protect and effectively manage at least 30% of land, inland waters, and coastal and marine areas, especially those important for biodiversity and ecosystem health. These areas should be ecologically diverse, well-connected, fairly governed, and include Indigenous and traditional lands where appropriate. Any use of these areas must support conservation goals and respect the rights of Indigenous peoples and local communities.
Differences between Aichi target 11 and Post 2020 Target 3
Aichi:
- 17% terrestrial and 10% marine cover
Target 3:
- 30% terrestrial and marine cover
- Ensuring that any sustainable use, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes
- Respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities
Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)
Most important places in the world for species and their habitats and they are sites contributing significantly to the global persistence of biodiversity
- Areas that contain a very large proportion of all remaining individuals of a particular species
- Areas that makes up a significant part (>10%) of the total global range of a single species or multiple species (>1%)
- Remaining intact habitat important to a species
- Sites important for migrating species
Are we protection the places under most threat?
Despite large coverage of protected areas we are not effectively targeting species, threats, or important sites
So, what do we need to consider when thinking about where to place protected areas
