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BDS2 - PMHP > Protected Characteristics > Flashcards

Protected Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equality act 2010?

A
  • ‘Protects individuals from unfair treatment and promotes a fair and more equal society’

There are 9 protected characteristics

  • Unlawful to discriminate on the bias of these
  • Must not give someone a service of worse quality or in a worse way than you would normally provide the service
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2
Q

What are the 9 protected characteristics?

A
  • Age
  • Disability
  • Gender
  • Gender reassignment
  • Marriage/civil partnership
  • Pregnancy and maternity
  • Race and ethnicity
  • Religion and belief
  • Sexual orientation
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3
Q

How does the characteristic ‘age’ affect your oral health? (3 points)

A
  • Oral health is important at all ages
  • Effects of poor oral health are cumulative over time
  • Risk of oral health conditions change with age
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4
Q

What is the most common reason for children to have GA?

A
  • Dental extractions
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5
Q

Younger children are dependent on parents/caregivers. What are they not in control of? (3 points)

A
  • Diet
  • Oral hygiene
  • Dental attendance
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6
Q

Older children are more independent. What 2 things do they have more control of compared to when they were younger?

A
  • Food choices

- Oral hygiene

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7
Q

Do most young adults have a good overall oral health?

A
  • Yes

- Although those with tooth decay are more likely to have multiple teeth affected

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8
Q

IS the overall periodontal health of young adults good?

A
  • Yes
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9
Q

What percentage of 25-34 year olds have coronal caries?

A
  • 36%
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10
Q

What percentage of 65-74 year olds have coronal caries?

A

22%

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11
Q

What percentage of 45-54yr olds have had a filled tooth and what is the average number of filled teeth they have had?

A
  • 97%

- Average of 9.1 filled teeth

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12
Q

What are the levels of periodontal disease in adults ages 45+?

A
  • Increased levels of periodontal disease
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13
Q

What are the present edentulous rates of older people?

A
  • Falling rates

- 64% aged 75+ have some natural teeth

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14
Q

What percentage of 16-24yr olds have root caries?

A

1%

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15
Q

What percentage of 55-64yr olds have root caries?

A

11%

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16
Q

What percentage of 75-84yr olds have root caries?

A

20%

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17
Q

Does the risk of oral cancer increase with age?

A
  • Yes
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18
Q

Why does treatment become more complex with older people? (5 points)

A
  • Previous restorative work - advanced restorations
  • Medical conditions - co-morbidities, polypharmacy
  • Frailty - access issues
  • Cognitive decline - memory, comprehension
  • Dependence - daily oral care
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19
Q

Can a dentist refuse to treat a particular age group?

A
  • If you can justify why you are doing this then possibly yes
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20
Q

You CAN target investigations for people with a protected characteristic IF…? (4 points)

A
  • They are currently missing out on services
  • Can show they have a different level of need
  • There is a track record of disadvantage
  • Low participation of this group
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21
Q

What reasons allow us to target certain treatment towards children? (5 points)

A
  • High caries rates
  • High dental GA rates
  • Early years = political priority
  • Good oral health is part of overall child wellbeing
  • Establishing good oral health early on will influence later life
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22
Q

What reasons allow us to target certain treatments towards older adults? (5 points)

A
  • Dental attendance declines with age
  • Older people are less likely to have good oral health
  • Need for help with oral hygiene
  • Medical consequences of poor oral health
  • Oral health consequences for general health
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23
Q

Disability is not a single group. What are the variations? (5 points)

A
  • Physical/cognitive/sensory/combination
  • Hidden disabilities
  • Varying severities
24
Q

Why may access to care be difficult for people with a disability? (3 points)

A
  • Physical factors
  • Cooperation
  • Understanding
25
Can people with learning disabilities have dental anxiety?
- Yes 
26
Why may treatment/management of people with a disability be difficult? (4 points)
- Involuntary movements - Positioning - Tolerating treatment - Concentration span
27
Why may consent be difficult to obtain from people with a disability?
- They may not have the capacity to consent 
28
What does equity mean?
- Same RIGHTS to oral health but not necessarily the SAME services 
29
What is the requirement to make 'REASONABLE ADJUSTMENTS' in the disability and the equality act? 
- Disabled people should be able to use services as far as is reasonable to the same standard as non-disabled people 
30
What is meant by requirements being 'ANTICIPATORY' in the disability and the equality act? (3 points)
- Plan in advance - Think about different types of disability and possible difficulties - Think about everything needed
31
What are the reasonable adjustments that should be made for physical access for disabled people? (5 points)
- Ground floor - Ramp - Hoist - Dom visit - Referral
32
What are the reasonable adjustments that should be made for communication with disabled people? (3 points)
- Written info (large print/images) - Hearing loop - BSL
33
What are the reasonable adjustments that should be made for enabling treatment for disabled people? (4 points)
- Time - Explanation - Appointment time - Treatment plan
34
What does the meaning of 'reasonable' depend on? (4 points)
- Size and nature of business - Physical features of premises - Cost of making adjustments - Barriers which SHOULD have been identified and reasonable adjustments COULD have been made => required to pay compensation + make adjustments if challenged
35
How many yearly practice inspections are there in Scotland?
3
36
The yearly practice inspections in Scotla nd record whether you can get access without stairs. What 3 things are essential to have? 
- Details of disabled access/ facilities in practice information leaflet - Practice information leaflet available in lagre print - Disability policy (ideally based on results if an access survey)
37
What do access surveys do?
- Look at features that make the practice accessible and what can be improved - Access panels (local group of disabled people) can provide advice/info/visit practice - Can also consult with disabled patients
38
What gender is more likely to be regular attenders at the dentist?
Females 
39
What gender is more likely to have 'excellent oral health' ?
- Females 
40
Which gender is more likely to report dental pain?
females 
41
What gender is more likely to have pulpally involved lesions?
- Males 
42
What gender is more likely to have some natural teeth?
males 
43
What percentage of all pregnant women have gingivitis?
- 60-70% - Tend to receive less dental treatment at this time - They get free dental treatment
44
What 4 things does 'race' include?
- Ethnicity - Nationality - Colour - National origins
45
Contrary to most inequalities, oral health is better among non-whites, despite lower use of the dental health service. They are less likely to have fillings, extractions or fever than 20 teeth. What is this likely due to?
- Likely due to dietary sugar 
46
What are examples of cultural practices that increase the risk of oral cancer? (3 points)
- Chewing tobacco/Paan or Betel 
47
What can the increased risk of diabetes among afro- carribeans have an influence over?
- Oral health 
48
What medical conditions can cause an increased risk if GA is involved? (2 points)
- Thalassaemia | - Sickle cell disease
49
Do attitudes/opinions relating to dental care  differ between races?
- Yes 
50
How can the language barrier be overcome in the dental practice? (2 points)
- Translation services (professional/family member?) | - Written information available in other languages
51
What is intersectionality?
- The interconnected nature of social categorisations such as race, class and gender as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage 
52
Do socio-economic factors have strong links with dental health?
- Yes | - Deprivation = more caries, more likely to be edentulous, higher oral cancer rates
53
What other protected characteristics are associated with socio-economic factors? (2 points)
- Disability - Race (immigration) - Interactions between protected characteristic and socio-economic status may amplify disadvantage
54
What are examples of specific groups included under protected characteristics? (7 points)
- Homeless - Prisoners - Gypsy travellers - Addictions - Immigrants - Asylum seekers - Mental health
55
What are examples of dental priority groups? (3 points)
- Frail older people - People with special care needs - Those who are homeless

BDS2 - PMHP (7 decks)

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