Protein structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

What can proteins also be referred to as

A

polypeptides, polymer and biomacromolecule

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2
Q

what is a biomacromolecule

A

large molecules composed of smaller subunits

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3
Q

what is a polymer

A

a large molecule composed of a chain of repeating similar molecules

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4
Q

what is the suubunit of a protein

A

amino acid

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5
Q

what are channel/carrier proteins also referred to

A

transmembrane proteins

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6
Q

what is the cytoskeleton

A

a network of filaments and tubules that hold a cell to its shape. they are comprised of microtubules that are made of proteins

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7
Q

what is a microtubule

A

a polymer of tublin that form long fibers in the cell

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8
Q

how many different types of amino acids are there

A

20

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9
Q

what is the proteome

A

all the proteins expressed by an organism

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10
Q

how does a proteome differ from the genoome

A

it is more diverese and larger as one gene can code for 10-40 different functional proteins

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11
Q

what is proteomics

A

the study of the proteome, it is used detect diseases by looking at protein levels design drugs to treat proteins causing a disease

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12
Q

what are receptor proteins

A

proteins on the surface of a cell the detect stimuli, label cells as targets for and find to hormone/signalling molecules and allows cells to be recognised as self or non-self

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13
Q

examples of receptor proteins

A

post synaptic receptors, cell membrane recepttors

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14
Q

what are motor proteins

A

a class of molecular motors that move along cytoskeleton fibers, powered by the energy of atp

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15
Q

what is a hormone

A

signalling molecule secreted by annn endocrine gland and transported in general circulation in the bloodstream and producing an effecr in a target tissue elsewhere in the body

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16
Q

types of proteins

A

structura;, regulation, contractile, immunoglobulin, receptor, transport and signalliing

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17
Q

function of a structural protein

A

fibrous and stringy, provides support for skin, bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage

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18
Q

function of a regulation proteiin

A

catalyse reactions and regulate body activities

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19
Q

function of immunoglobulin protein

A

defence mechanismm against pathogens that cause disease

20
Q

function of a transport protein

A

carry molecules around the body

21
Q

function of signalling proteins

A

transmit messages

22
Q

examples of structural protein

A

collagen, elastin and keratin

23
Q

examples of regulation proteins

A

enzymes and hormones

24
Q

contractile proteins examples

25
function of contractile protein
control muscle movement
26
example of transport protein
haemoglobin
27
examples of signalling proteins
neurotransmitters and neurohormones
28
amino acid structure
amino group, alpha carbon, carboxyl group with hydroxyl group and side chain/r group
29
what is a carboxyl group
an acid radical with the formula COOH
30
what is an animo group
a group with the formula NH2
31
side chain is what
a group of atoms attached to the main part of the molecule
32
what links amino acids together
peptide bonds
33
where does polymerisation of amino acids occur
at the ribosome
34
what type of reaction is amino acid grouping
condensation polymerization
35
what happens before amino acids are joined (step 1)
each amino acid is brought into place by a ttransfer RNA molecule as this happens a hydroxyl group is broken off one amino acid and a hydrogen breaks off the other
36
what happens to the hydroxyl group and hydrogen (step 2)
the form a covelent bond to produce water (h2o)
37
what happens to the two amino acid residues (step 3)
they join together to form a covalent bond called a peptide
38
what is a hydroxyl
a radical (OH)
39
what is a peptide bond
a covalent bond between two adjacent amino acids
40
what is a covalent bond
a bond metal non-metal atims involving the sharing of electrons
41
how can polypeptides be broken down
by a hydrolysis reaction
42
what is a peptide
amino acids linked together
43
what is a dipeptide
2 amino acids bonded together
44
what is a tripeptide
3 amino acids bonded together
45
what is a polypeptide
a long chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds (more than 3)