Protein Structure- Function

Question 1

What is the 1. Monomer 2. Polymer 3. Covalent Bond of a protein?

Answer 1

1. Amino Acid
2. Polypeptide
3. Peptide Bonds

Question 2

What causes the difference properties in amino acids?

Answer 2

R Groups

Question 3

What does the molecule of an amino acid consist of?

Answer 3

Amino group (N-H2) and Carboxyl group (OH-C=O)

Question 4

How many different amino acids are there?

Answer 4

20

Question 5

The composition of an amino acid determines the _____ of a protein.

Answer 5

Structure

Question 6

What does it mean if an amino acid has a positive charge?

Answer 6

Basic

Question 7

What does it mean if an amino acid has a negative charge?

Answer 7

Acidic

Question 8

If a protein is hydrophilic, it is most likely what? (Polar or Nonpolar)

Answer 8

Polar

Question 9

If a protein is hydrophobic, it is most likely what? (Polar or Nonpolar)

Answer 9

Nonpolar

Question 10

What does a nonpolar amino acid consist of?

Answer 10

Hydrocarbon chains

Question 11

What does a polar amino acid consist of?

Answer 11

OH or polar molecule from R group

Question 12

What is another name for Cysteine (polar molecule)

Answer 12

Sulfidral

Question 13

Amino acids linked by covalent bonds are called _______ _________.

Answer 13

Peptide bonds

Question 14

Where does the bond form between amino acids?

Answer 14

The backbone between the amino and carboxyl group

Question 15

Polypeptides consist of what?

Answer 15

Sequence of amino acids

Question 16

A function protein consists of ____ polypeptides precisely twisted and folded in to a unique shape.

Answer 16

1+

Question 17

The specific activities of proteins result from what?

Answer 17

Their 3D architecture

Question 18

What are the four levels of protein structure? Define each

Answer 18

1. Primary- unique sequence of amino acids (polypeptide chain)
2. Secondary- coils and folds in the polypeptide chain (consists of H-bonds)
3. Tertiary- Determined by interactions among various side chains
4. Quaternary- consists of multiple polypeptide chains

Question 19

What is Transthyretin?

Answer 19

A protein that in serum and CSF that transports the thyroid hormone thyroxine and vitamin A

Question 20

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 20

Amino acid sequence dictated by covalent bonding through the backbone

Question 21

What is the secondary structure of a protein? Name the two types

Answer 21

Twists and folds of structure.

1. Alpha helix
2. Beta pleated sheet

Question 22

What kind of bonding is found in secondary structures?

Answer 22

H-Bonding

Question 23

How often are H-bonds in alpha helices?

Answer 23

Every 4th peptide bond

Question 24

What is the most common type of secondary structure to across membranes?

Answer 24

Alpha Helix

Question 25

What are the two types of beta sheets?

Answer 25

Parallel ->,-> | Anti-parallel ->,

Question 26

How often are H-bonds in beta sheets?

Answer 26

Typically 3-10 amino acids

Question 27

How many strands are needed to form a beta sheet?

Answer 27

2 or more

Question 28

What determines the tertiary structure?

Answer 28

The primary and secondary structures

Question 29

What does a tertiary structure depend on ?

Answer 29

The R group and how they interact

Question 30

Which R groups have ionic bonds?

Answer 30

Acidic/basic

Question 31

What R groups are hydrophobic?

Answer 31

Nonpolar R groups

Question 32

What is the strongest bond formed between amino acids?

Answer 32

Disulfide Bridge

Question 33

What is a quaternary structure?

Answer 33

More than one polypeptide subunit

Question 34

What impacts protein structure? (4)

Answer 34

1. Temperature 2. Solvent 3. pH 4. Salt concentration

Question 35

What is denaturation?

Answer 35

The unraveling of proteins in the tertiary and secondary structures

Question 36

What is a disease linked to a change in primary structure?

Answer 36

Sickle Cell disease