Protein synthesis Flashcards
what are the two steps of protein synthesis
transcription
translation
where is the DNA kept in the cell
nucleus
why does the gene have to be copied
because the DNA is too big to fit out of the nuclear pores as it is a double helix
what is created when the gene is copied
messenger RNA which is single stranded
what does the specific sequence of genes need to be read by
ribosomes
how is mRNA different to DNA
it is much shorter
it is single stranded
it doesn’t contain thymine - instead uracil
what is the enzyme used to make an mRNA strand
RNA polymerase
what are codons
groups of three bases in mRNA that code for a specific amino acid
how are amino acids brought to the ribosome
transfer RNA
(tRNA)
what is tRNA made of
amino acid at the top
anticodon at the bottom
what is an anticodon
sequence of three bases which are complimentary to a codon on the mRNA
what happens to the tRNA after translation
it detaches from the amino acid, the amino acids are joined together by the ribosome
what is a gene
a section of DNA that codes for a specific protien
where does transcription take place
nucleus
what is a chain of amino acids called
polypeptide
