Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What are the differences between genes and genomes

Answer 1

A gene is a specific segment of DNA that tells cells how to function. A genome is the entirety of the genetic material inside an organism.

Question 2

Explain the process of protein synthesis in terms of
transcription of a gene into messenger rNA in the nucleus

Answer 2

During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). The molecule of mRNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read and used to make a polypeptide.

Question 3

explain the process of protein synthesis in terms of translation of mRNA in an amino acid sequence at the ribosome (refer to transfer RNA, codons and anticodons)

Question 4

What are the differences between an exon and an intron

Question 5

What is it meant by ‘coding’ exons and ‘non-coding DNA ( centromeres, telomeres and introns) ?

Question 6

differentiate centromeres and telomeres

Question 7

What is the purpose of gene expression

Answer 7

the purpose of gene expression is to synthesis a functional gene product (protein or functional RNA); the process can be regulated and is used by all known life.

Question 8

What is a Genome

Answer 8

• complete set of nucleotide sequences encoded in the total DNA of an organism
• the genome is every single piece of genetic information within a cell

Question 9

What is a gene?

Answer 9

A specific Section of DNA (usually 200 -20000 nucleotides along) which codes for a specific trait.

Question 10

What are the two steps in the protein synthesis sequence?

Answer 10

1) Transcription

2) Translation

Question 11

DNA replication is the process by which DNA _____ and ‘reproduces’.

Answer 11

doubles

Question 12

What is the main job of DNA?

Answer 12

The main job of DNA is to be read to create proteins.

Question 13

protein synthesis is the process by which DNA ______

Answer 13

performs its function.

Question 14

What is Protein synthesis?

Answer 14

• Protein synthesis always follows the same process- called its Central Dogma.
• DNA creates RNA creates Proteins.
• This process happens in two stages: Transcription (DNA to RNA) and Translation (RNA to Protein)

Question 15

What is transcription?

Question 16

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 16

• transcription occurs in nucleus of a cell is where DNA language is converted (transcribed) into RNA language

Question 17

What happens to DNA in transcription?

Answer 17

the DNA is unwound and the template (leading) strand of the DNA is read.

Question 18

mRNA is synthesised in what?

Answer 18

Transcription

Question 19

does mRNA have codons or anticodons?

Answer 19

codons

Question 20

how many codons = one amino acid?

Answer 20

1

Question 21

tRNA brings amino acids to what?

Answer 21

ribosomes

Question 22

does trana have codons or anticodons?

Answer 22

anti-codons

Question 23

A polypeptide is a sequence of what?

Answer 23

amino acids

Question 24

tRNA transfers amino acids during translation or transcription?

Answer 24

translation

Question 25

ribosomes are the site where ____ takes place

Answer 25

translation

Question 26

What is translation?

Question 27

What is transcription?

Question 28

What happens during transcription?

Question 29

What happens during translation?

Question 30

what is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Answer 30

Adding complementary nucleotide bases to exposed DNA strands

Question 31

Explain the difference between extols and introns?

Answer 31

axons are sequences of coding DNA, which is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. Introns are sequences..... (check ilearn)

Question 32

where does spermatogenesis occur and what is the outcome of the process?

Answer 32

testes, four functional haploid gametes

Question 33

state a function of telomeres?