Coding & Non coding DNA

Question 1

what are the coding regions of DNA?

Answer 1

coding regions → exons

Question 2

What are the non coding regions of DNA?

Answer 2

non-coding regions → introns

Question 3

What are the two main example of introns?

Answer 3

Centromeres and telomeres are segments of non-coding DNA introns

Question 4

What is the point of Non coding DNA?

Answer 4

• Non-coding DNA (introns) is made up of long sequences of repetitive code.
• The sequences are used to make functional RNA such as ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA.

Question 5

What are the roles of centromeres?

Answer 5

Centromeres are segments of DNA which are responsible for holding duplicated chromosomes (sister chromatids) together and are the site of attachment for spindle fibres.

Question 6

What are the roles of telomeres?

Answer 6

Telomeres are the end caps on each chromosome. They prolong the life of chromosomes and help to protect coding regions.

Question 7

What is the transcription factor and what is its role?

Answer 7

• Transcription factor: a protein that bind to DNA and regulates gene expression by promoting or suppressing transcription
• control of gene activity, determining when and where genes are turned on and off

Question 8

what is gene expression and why does it occur?

Answer 8

• how a gene makes the proteins it does
• Gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is turned into a function. This mostly occurs via the transcription of RNA molecules that code for proteins or non-coding RNA molecules that serve other functions.

Question 9

what is gene regulation and why does it occur?

Answer 9

-gene regulation is all about when and how a gene expresses itself.

-Gene regulation is various processes that enable a gene to be expressed (or not) in specific cells at specific times and allow the proteins to be produced at required rates.