Protein synthesis

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

One gene on the DNA is copied into mRNA
-mRNA is created in the nucleus
-mRNA is shorter than DNA, so it can move out of the nucleus and attach to a ribosome in the cytoplasm

Question 2

Translation

Answer 2

mRNA joins with a ribosome & the complementary tRNA molecule brings the specific amino acid the codon codes for

Question 3

Translation process

Answer 3

1. DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between bases and unwinds the DNA helix
2. One chain acts as a template
3. Free mRNA nucleotides align by complementary base pairing
4. RNA polymerase bonds RNA nucleotides to create pre-mRNA polymer

Question 4

Splicing

Answer 4

-Modifies pre-mRNA to become mRNA that then leaves the nucleus
-Introns are spliced out by spliceosome, leaving just exons

Question 5

Translation process

Answer 5

1. mRNA attaches to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
2. The ribosome attaches at the start codon
3. tRNA with the complementary anticodon to the start codon aligns opposite the mRNA. The ribosome holds tRNA
4. Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds, which requires ATP
5. The ribosome moves along mRNA until it reaches the stop codon, the ribosome detaches, and translation ends
6. Creating a polypeptide chain