Protein Synthesis Flashcards
(14 cards)
Where is DNA found in the cell:
Nucleus
How many strands do mRNA have:
Single strand
What is a gene:
A section of DNA
What does a gene code for:
A specific protein
How do cells make proteins:
Stringing amino acids together in a particular order
What does each set of 3 bases called a triplet code for:
A particular amino acid
What are proteins made of:
Ribosomes
What is a codon:
3 bases
What does 1 codon code for:
1 codon = 1 amino acids
What is a polypeptide:
String of amino acids joined together
What is transcription:
Taking the message from the original DNA code and making a copy into messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is translation:
Taking the message from mRNA and translating it into a chain of amino acids to make a protein
Steps of Transcription:
Step 1- enzyme unwinds double helix of DNA
Step 2 - two strands of DNA separated so free nucleotides can fit in
Step 3 - free nucleotide bases attach to DNA by their complementary base pair rules
Step 4 - single mRNA strand moves away from DNA helix and another enzyme zips the two strands of DNA back together
Step 5: single mRNA strand small enough to leave the nucleus and enter cytoplasm
Steps of translation:
Step 1 - mRNA enters ribosome
Step 2 - transfer RNA (tRNA) enters ribosome and brings a specific amino acid with it that corresponds to codons on mRNA strand
Step 3 - tRNA has an anti-codon that matches the mRNA codon so they pair together using complementary base pair rules
Step 4 - amino acid brought by first tRNA is attached to second amino acid by a peptide bond
Step 5 - when all the code has been read and amino acids joined together, the mRNA leaves the ribosome and a new polypeptide chain has been made
