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Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards

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1
Q

Gentamicin is used in combination with a _______ or _________ for treatment of serious enterococcus, staphylococcus, viridian group streptococcus

A

Penicillin or vancomycin

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2
Q

Azithromycin is administered ____hour(s) before or ____hour(s) after a meal

A

1 hour before; 2 hours after

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3
Q

Major way resistance is adapted to tetracyclines

A

Efflux pump

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4
Q

Aminoglycosides that cause misreading of mRNA

Bactericidal/Bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

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5
Q

Action of Erythromycin

A

Binds to 50S r-RNA and prevents movement along m-RNA

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6
Q

Ototoxicity of aminoglycosides is enhanced by

A

Loop diuretics

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7
Q

Action of streptomycin

A

Changes shape of 30S r-RNA and causes m-RNA to be read incorrectly

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8
Q

This drug inhibits the activity of peptidyltransferase (static)

A

Chloramphenicol

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9
Q

Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Spectinomycin, affect ___S component of ribosomes

A

30S

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides are composed of aminosugars linked through ____bonds

A

Glycosides

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11
Q

Aminoglycosides that interfere with the initiation complex of peptide formation.

Bactericidal/Bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

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12
Q

3 mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides

A

Acetylation
Adenylation
Phosphorylation

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12
Q

2 aminoglycosides less vulnerable to inactivation enzymes

A

Netilmicin

Amikacin

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13
Q

Aminoglycosides pharmacokinetics

A

Water soluble, poor absorption in GIT, parenteral Administration requires

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14
Q

Amikacin has the same spectrum as

A

Gentamicin

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15
Q

Single daily dose of aminoglycosides is just as effective and less toxic due to

A

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

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16
Q

Linezolid affects ____S component of ribosomes

A

50S

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17
Q

Spectinomycin can be used as an alternative treatment for _______. Single dose of __grams

A

Gonorrhea; 2g

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19
Q

Inhibits CYP450 enzymes (2)

A

Erythromycin and Clarithromycin

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20
Q

Azithromycin is acid _____(stable/Labile)

A

Stable

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21
Q

Tetracycline spectrum

S. N. HP. HD. B. V. C. R. M. BB. P. C&C

A

Streptococcus, Nesseria, H. Pylori, H. Ducrei, Brucella, V. Cholera, chlamydia, rickettsiae, mycoplasma, Borrelia burgdorferi, Protozoa, Anaerobes (C. Perfringens, C. Tetani)

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22
Q

Aminoglycosides exhibit ________dependent killing and a _______ effect where antibiotic activity persists beyond the time during which measurable drug is present

A
  • Concentration-dependent

- Post antibiotic effect

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23
Q

Inhibits translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from acceptor to donor site (static)

A

Macrolides and clindamycin

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24
Q

Streptomycin spectrum (3)

A

Yersinia pestis
Francisella tularensis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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25
Transport of aminoglycosides across the cytoplasmic membrane is enhanced by _____ or _____
Penicillin or vancomycin
26
Tertiary question: By what mechanism in protein inhibition is best to treat plague, tularemia, tuberculosis?
Change shape of 30S r-RNA to be read incorrectly
27
Action of chloramphenicol
Binds to 50S r-RNA and inhibits formation of peptide bond
28
Oral use of ____ for hepatic encephalopathy and in preparation for elective bowel surgery along with _____
Neomycin.........Erythromycin
29
Aminoglycosides spectrum
Aerobic Gram - bacilli
30
Gram - bacteria that are Gentamicin-resistant usually are susceptible to _____
Amikacin
31
Amikacin is more potent against _______ than gentamicin
P. Aeruginosa
32
Second line drug for multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis
Amikacin
33
Synergistic combination used in pseudomonal infections
Tobramycin + Piperacillin/ticarcillin
34
Most potent drug for P aeruginosa
Tobramycin
35
Using streptomycin in pregnancy can cause ___ in the newborn
Deafness
36
Complication of the GIT such as ____ can occur with use of tetracyclines.
Pseudomembranous colitis
37
Mechanism of Demeclocycline
Blocks ADH receptor in collecting ducts
38
2 aminoglycosides with limited topical use for minor soft-tissue infections
Neomycin and kanamycin
39
Neomycin and kanamycin often used in combo with _____ and _____
Bacitracin and polymyxin
40
Side effect of Demeclocycline
Diabetes insipidus
41
MG patients should take caution when taking _____ due to a _____
Aminoglycosides.....curare like effect
42
1st line therapy for chlamydial urogenital infections during pregnancy
Erythromycin 500 mg 6 hours for 7 days or single dose Azithromycin
43
Spectinomycin is a ______ antibiotic
Aminocyclitol antibiotic
44
Antidotes for aminoglycosides overdose
Neostigmine and calcium gluconates
45
Brucellosis treatment (2)
Gentamicin + doxycycline
46
Paromomycin spectrum | E. C. L. T.
Entamoeba histolytica Cryptosporidium Parvum Leishmaniasis Tapeworms
47
Action of tetracycline
Interferes with the t-RNA anticodon reading of m-RNA codon by binding reversibly to 30S subunit
47
Doxycycline and tigecycline are eliminated mainly by
The liver
48
3 types of drugs that cause phototoxicity
Tetracyclines, sulfonamides, fluroquinolones
50
Azithromycin is most commonly used in (3)
CAP Pharyngitis/skin infections Chlamydia infections
51
Gentamicin spectrum | P. K. P. S. E. E.
``` P. Aeruginosa Klebsiella Proteus Serratia E. coli Enterobacter sp. ```
52
``` Nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides is enhanced by: V A C C ```
Vancomycin Amphotericin B Cisplatin Cyclosporine
54
Drug of choice for mycoplasma
Tetracycline
57
What macrolide is highly active against chlamydia?
Azithromycin
59
Endocarditis treatment using a protein synthesis inhibitor and_____
Streptomycin and penicillin
62
Drug of choice for Rickettsiae, spirochete, chlamydia
Doxycycline
63
Treatment of Chloroquine-resistant Malaria with_____
Tetracyclines
64
Only tetracycline that is therapeutically efficient to enter CSF
Minocycline
65
Result of tetracyclines on pregnant woman
Crosses placenta to cause bone deformities and tooth dysplasias
66
Renal complications from tetracyclines (2)
Fanconi syndrome; diabetes insipidus with Demeclocycline
67
What is the oral tetracycline of choice?
Doxycycline
68
Minocycline & Doxycycline pharmokinetics
Completely absorbed, impaired by cations, dairy foods and antacids, extremes in bile & urine
68
In renal disease, can doxycycline be administered? Why?
Yes- it is extremes in the bile
68
Which ways to administer tetracyclines? (IV, IM, oral)
IV and oral (not IM)
68
Administration and excretion of glycylcyclines: tigecycline?
Give slow IV infusion 30-60 min. Excreted in bile.
69
A patient was bitten by a tick, within ____hours, you may administer a single,______mg dose of ______
72 hours; 200 mg; doxycycline
69
Nausea, anorexia, diarrhea from tetracycline can be controlled by giving with food or _________.
Carboxymethylcellulose
70
What form of erythromycin causes cholestatic jaundice?
Estolate
75
Macrolides contain a ______ring to which ____________ are attached
Lactone ring; deoxy sugars
77
Macrolides are mainly Bacteriostatic/bacteriocidal?
Bacteriostatic
78
Macrolides bind with _____________ in GIT and increases intestinal motility
Motilin receptors
79
Name a ketolide
Telithromycin
80
Name 4 macrolides
Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Roxithromycin
81
Clarithromycin and Azithromycin are better than Erythromycin because Erythromycin....
Poor bioavailability Short half life Poor GI tolerability Limited H. Influenzae coverage
82
Adverse effects of macrolides (4)
Epigastric distress GIT problems Cholestatic jaundice Prolong QT interval
83
Mechanism of action of Macrolides
Protein synthesis inhibitors irreversibly bind to 50S subunit and inhibit translocation step
84
Spectrum of macrolides
Gram + Gram - Atypical organisms Spirochetes
85
Azithromycin is more active in ______ infections than Erythromycin
Respiratory
86
Erythromycin is acid _____(stable/labile) hence administered with ______
Labile; enteric coating
88
Does Erythromycin enter CSF?
No
89
Erythromycin and Clarithromycin inhibit metabolism of (5)
``` Theophylline Warfarin Cyclosporine Methylprednisolone Digoxin ```
90
Erythromycin is primarily excreted in ______
Bile
91
Azithromycin is excreted by _____ | and is _____(more/less) tolerated in pregnancy than other macrolides
The kidney; more
92
Drug of choice for Diptheria
Erythromycin
93
Whooping cough should be treated with
Erythromycin
94
Azithromycin is more active against _______ than Clarithromycin and erythromycin
H. influenzae
95
Oral erythromycin base is sometimes combined with _____ or ______ for preoperative preparation of the colon
Neomycin or kanamycin
96
Clarithromycin is more active against _________(2) than erythromycin
Mycobacterium avian complex and H pylori
97
Are erythromycin-resistant strep and staph also resistant to Clarithromycin?
Yes

Antimicrobials (6 decks)

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