Proteins

Question 1

What is the Greek word that protein is derived from?

Answer 1

protos - primary, ranking first, or occupying the first position

Question 2

What is the first substance recognized as a vital part of a living tissue?

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

What are proteins?

Answer 3

• complex compounds of high molecular weights and structured in specific arrangements and numbers
• organic substances that upon digestion, yield amino acids

Question 4

What are the three classifications of proteins?

Answer 4

1. Simple proteins
2. Compound proteins
3. Derived proteins

Question 5

Simple proteins are ______

Answer 5

those which yield only amino acids upon hydrolysis

Question 6

Simple protein that is soluble in water and coagulated by heat

Answer 6

Albumin

Question 7

Simple protein that is insoluble in water, soluble in dilute salt solution, and coagulated by heat

Answer 7

globulins

Question 8

Simple protein that is insoluble in neutral solvents but soluble in weak acids and alkalis, CBH

Answer 8

Glutelins

Question 9

Simple protein that is soluble in 70% to 80% alcohol but insoluble in absolute alcohol, water, and salt solutions

Answer 9

Prolamins

Question 10

Simple protein that is insoluble in all neutral solvents and in dilute acids and alkalis

Answer 10

Albuminoids

Question 11

Simple proteins that are basic polypeptides, soluble in water, but not CBH, and found in the nuclei of cells

Answer 11

Histones and protamines

Question 12

What are compound proteins?

Answer 12

• conjugated proteins or proteids
• combination of simple proteins and some other protein substance called a prosthetic group

Question 13

Compound protein that is a combination of simple proteins and nucleic acid

Answer 13

Nucleoproteins

Question 14

Compound protein that is a combination of a protein and large quantities of complex

Answer 14

Microproteins and glycoproteins

Question 15

Compound protein that has triglyceride or other lipids

Answer 15

Lipoproteins

Question 16

Compound protein that has phosphoric acid joined in ester linkage found in casein of milk

Answer 16

Phosphoproteins

Question 17

Compound protein with non protein pigment found in flavoproteins, hemoglobin, and cytochromes

Answer 17

Chromoproteins

Question 18

Compound protein with metals attached

Answer 18

Metalloprotein

Question 19

Derived proteins are ________

Answer 19

products formed in the various stages of hydrolysis of a protein molecule

Question 20

Proteins are used in repairing _____________ caused by the continuous ___________ going on in the body

Answer 20

• worn-out body tissue proteins (anabolism)
• wear and tear (catabolism)

Question 21

Proteins are used to _____________ by supplying the necessary amino acid building blocks

Answer 21

build new tissues

Question 22

Proteins are a source of ___________, 1 g of protein contains _________

Answer 22

• heat energy
• 4 calories

Question 23

Proteins are important in the maintenance of _______________ among the various body fluids

Answer 23

normal osmotic relations

Question 24

What is the protein requirement of an adult?

Answer 24

0-9 g/kg BW

Question 25

What is the protein requirement of children?

Answer 25

vary according to age and growth patterns

Question 26

What is the protein requirement of pregnant women?

Answer 26

30 g over that of a non-pregnant woman

Question 27

What is the protein requirement of lactating mothers?

Answer 27

an increase of 20 g

Question 28

What is BV?

Answer 28

- Biological Value - measures the effectiveness of protein quality in supporting the body's needs

Question 29

What is NPU?

Answer 29

- Net protein utlization - measures how capably a protein is used in the body

Question 30

What is PER?

Answer 30

- Protein efficiency ratio - measures the increase in weight of a growing animal and compares it with the intake

Question 31

What is PEM?

Answer 31

- Protein-Energy Malnutrition - insufficiency of protein or energy or both

Question 32

What is acute PEM?

Answer 32

occurs in children who are thin for their height