Proteins

Question 1

Proteins have more … than NA

Answer 1

Structural diversity

Question 2

How many a.a in long protein

Answer 2

100

Question 3

What is the pl equation at equivalence point

Answer 3

pI = (pK1 + pK2)/2

Question 4

Pl for acidic acid (D,E)

Answer 4

pI = (pK1 + pKR )/2

Question 5

Pl for basic aa (k,r,h)

Answer 5

pI = (pK2 + pK2 )/2

Question 6

Do proteins have high or low stability at ph=pl

Answer 6

Low stability and leads to precipitation

Question 7

What does isoelectric separating use

Answer 7

Pl difference

Question 8

What are the 10 amino acids

Answer 8

F, V, W, T, I, M, H, R, K, L

Question 9

How are peptide bonds formed?

Answer 9

Reaction of nh2 and cooh from aa

Question 10

What are the structure of peptide bonds

Answer 10

Linear from one aa to another

Question 11

Where are the peptide bonds synthesized

Answer 11

N terminus -> C terminus

Question 12

What two polypeptide chains are joined by disulfide bonds

Answer 12

A and B

Question 13

Does the bond have a full or partial bond

Answer 13

1. Partial double bond character

Question 14

Is there rotation around the peptide bond

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Where is the point of flexibility along the backbone

Answer 15

Alpha carbon

Question 16

What describes the secondary conformation along the backbone

Answer 16

Psi and pi

Question 17

Chiral compounds are…

Answer 17

Optically active

Question 18

Chiral compounds rotate the …

Answer 18

Plane of polarized light

Question 19

All aa are chiral except

Answer 19

Glycine

Question 20

In a racemic how many are optically active

Answer 20

50:50

Question 21

What degree of rotation in a racemic

Answer 21

Zero rotation of plane-polarized light

Question 22

Primary structure

Answer 22

Aa sequence of protein

Question 23

Secondary structure

Answer 23

Hélix, sheet, turn/loop

Question 24

Tertiary structure

Answer 24

Folded structure of whole protein ( s-s bonds)

Question 25

Quarternary

Answer 25

Assembled complete ( oligomer)

Question 26

What helices fits in the major groove of dsDNA and recognizes specific dna sequence and bind to it via h-bonds

Answer 26

A-hélices

Question 27

What type of aa are in the central regions

Answer 27

Hydrophobic

Question 28

What are the two types of beta sheets

Answer 28

Parallel and antiparallel

Question 29

What do the two beta sheets have in common

Answer 29

Inter-strand h-bonding between c=o and n-h

Question 30

What are the differences in the beta sheets

Answer 30

Length of the loop( may contain alpha helical segments) and the direction of the associated b strand

Question 31

What form of sheets can transport things

Answer 31

Beta sheets

Question 32

Beta sheets fit into … grooves

Answer 32

Minor

Question 33

What is a beta barrel

Answer 33

Twisted and inclined beta sheet

Question 34

What causes diff types of turns in secondary proteins

Answer 34

Different number of residuals and h-bonding patterns

Question 35

What joins other 2 degree structures in beta parallel sheets

Answer 35

Loops

Question 36

Type 1 beta turn

Answer 36

R group on the same side

Question 37

Type 2 beta turn

Answer 37

R groups on the opposite sides

Question 38

What aa is used in y-turns

Answer 38

Proline

Question 39

In a domain what is on the inside and outside

Answer 39

Hydrophobic: hydrophilic

Question 40

How are proteins in quarternary structure stabilized

Answer 40

Non covalent interactions of the r groups and can be stabilized by covalent s-s bonds

Question 41

What part of the body has alpha keratin

Answer 41

Hair, nails, and part of the skin

Question 42

What is a monomer

Answer 42

Long alpha helix

Question 43

What residue is hydrophobic in a monomer

Answer 43

4th residue

Question 44

What is a coiled-coil dimer stabilized by

Answer 44

Hydrophobic interactions

Question 45

What way do pair of helices wind

Answer 45

Left- hand fashion

Question 46

What is there a large number of in alpha structures

Answer 46

Cysteine

Question 47

What repeats in beta sheets

Answer 47

Glycine and alanine and serine

Question 48

Layers of beta sheets lead to what

Answer 48

Toughness and flexibility

Question 49

Keratin is very

Answer 49

Strong and flexible cable-like structures

Question 50

Fibrous protein are … in water

Answer 50

Insoluble

Question 51

Globular proteins are … in water

Answer 51

Soluble

Question 52

What are orthologs

Answer 52

-Similar seq found in different species - conventional divergence ( specification)

Question 53

What are paralogs

Answer 53

-Similar seq found in the same species - gene duplication

Question 54

…kill nerve cells

Answer 54

Protein aggregates

Question 55

Protein misfolding is…

Answer 55

Spontaneous

Question 56

Myoglobin and hemoglobin structure

Answer 56

Monomer; tetramer

Question 57

Myoglobin and hemoglobin binds to:

Answer 57

1 o2: 4 o2

Question 58

What are the affinities for myoglobin and hemoglobin

Answer 58

High; moderate

Question 59

What are the functions of myoglobin and hemoglobin

Answer 59

Store; transport

Question 60

Sensitivity to ph for myoglobin and hemoglobin

Answer 60

Unaffected by ph; sensitive to ph

Question 61

Function of hsp

Answer 61

Assist folding

Question 62

What type of residue are associated with hsp

Answer 62

Hydrophobic

Question 63

What is zymogen

Answer 63

Catalytically inactive protein precursor

Question 64

What does low p50 mean

Answer 64

High o2 affinity

Question 65

What curve is very efficient in o2 transport

Answer 65

Sigmoidal o2 binding curve

Question 66

What is Cooperactivity

Answer 66

Filling 1st heme sites which lead to affinity of the other sites for o2

Question 67

Does heme cause structural change?

Answer 67

Yes, the binding of o2 with iron pull on helix F causing a change

Question 68

What factors affect o2 affinity

Answer 68

BPG Low ph Co2 from tissues Temperature increase

Question 69

Mutation in which residue causes sickle cell

Answer 69

Glycine-> valine

Question 70

What is the first step in precipitation and diff solubilization

Answer 70

Precipitation with salts like nh4, so4

Question 71

What is the purpose of the edamame degradation

Answer 71

Identify the n-terminal amino acid of a polypeptide

Question 72

What gels are used in gel filtration

Answer 72

Porous gels: separate small, denatured or solubilized proteins

Question 73

Which proteins elute first and last

Answer 73

Larger proteins; smaller ones

Question 74

How is Ion exchange chromatography column selected

Answer 74

Type and strength of charge

Question 75

What is the elution order

Answer 75

Weakly charged-> moderate-> strongly- charged

Question 76

Affinity chromatography is separated by

Answer 76

Molecular conformation

Question 77

What uses antibodies to detect specific proteins

Answer 77

Elisa and western blotting