Proteins Flashcards
What are the elements proteins contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulphur.
What are the monomers making up proteins?
Amino acids.
What reaction joins and splits amino acids?
Joins - condensation reaction
Splits - Hydrolysis reaction
What is the bond joining amino acids together?
Peptide bond.
What are the different components of a polypeptide chain?
Left - Amine group consists of N and 2 H
Next - Carbon with hydrogen and R group attached
Right - Carboxyl group contain C double bond O and OH.
What is the primary structure?
This is the precise number and sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
What is the primary structure determined by?
The genetic code in DNA.
What are the bonds present in primary structure?
Only bond present are peptide bonds.
What does the primary structure determine?
Determines how the protein twists and folds into its final shape.
What happens in secondary structure?
The hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen atoms in the polypeptide primary structure interact to form hydrogen bonds, holding the structure in a secondary shape.
What shape does the hydrogen bonds in the secondary structure form?
Either alpha helix or beta-pleated sheets.
What is the tertiary structure?
-How the protein folds up into its specific 3D shape.
- Involves R-groups of different amino acids in the secondary structure interacting with each other when they are close enough to do so.
What are the bonds present in the tertiary structure?
- Hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions
- Hydrogen bonds
- Ionic bonds
- Disulphide bonds/bridges
Which bonds are the strongest and weakest in the tertiary structure?
Strongest - Disulphide bonds/bridges
Weakest - Hydrogen bonds
Features of a globular protein.
- compact
- water soluble
- spherical in shape.
