Proteins

Question 1

Are covalent bonds formed by the nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction

Answer 1

Peptide Bonds/Linkage

Question 2

reaction of 2 amino acids involved in peptide bonds

Answer 2

Carboxylic Group and Amino Group

Question 3

what are the different structural organization of proteins

Answer 3

Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure

Question 3

the reaction in peptide bonds release a molecular ______ as the by product

Answer 3

Water

Question 4

determine how the protein folds and interacts at the other levels of interaction is in the ________ structure

Answer 4

Primary

Question 4

the order of amino acids in peptide chain is in the _______ structure

Answer 4

Primary

Question 5

a peptide bond has a partial _____ bond characteristic, therefore it is _______

Answer 5

double, rigid

Question 6

______ structure are 2 dimensional structure formed due to ______ bonding between _____ of ______ group and ______ of the _____ group

Answer 6

Secondary, Hydrogen, Hydrogen, Amine, Oxygen, Carbonyl

Question 7

______ is a spiral structure consist of tightly packed, coiled polypeptide backbone core.

Answer 7

Alpha (a) helix

Question 8

Secondary structure are formed through _____ bonds between ________

Answer 8

Hydrogen, Backbone atoms

Question 9

have extensive hydrogen bonding

Answer 9

Alpha (a) helix

Question 10

a-helix have _____ per turn

Answer 10

3.6aa

Question 11

a combination of secondary structural elements producing a specific geometric pattern or motifs

Answer 11

Supersecondary Structures

Question 12

Supersecondary Structures are connected by ________

Answer 12

Loop regions

Question 12

it primarily form the core region of the molecule

Answer 12

Supersecondary Structures

Question 12

all of the peptide bond components are involved in hydrogen bonding

Answer 12

Beta (B) sheets

Question 12

other name of B-bends

Answer 12

Reverse turn/ Beta (B) turns

Question 12

in the B-sheets the surface are ______

Answer 12

Pleated

Question 12

Beta (B) bends is composed of ______

Answer 12

4aa

Question 12

________ is a reverse direction of the polypeptide chain that helps to form a ____________

Answer 12

Beta (B) bends, compact globular shape

Question 12

_____________ structure have a loop or coil _______

Answer 12

Nonrepetitive secondary , conformation

Question 12

Nonrepetitive secondary structure have less ______ structure

Answer 12

regular

Question 12

______ usually contains many _____ and charged _____ acids

Answer 12

Beta (B) bends, polar, amino

Question 12

alpha helix and beta sheet provide a _________ to the secondary structure

Answer 12

Stability

Question 13

Nonrepetitive secondary structure is also called as?

Answer 13

Random coil

Question 13

are the two structures that provide maximal hydrogen bonding

Answer 13

alpha helix and beta sheet

Question 13

______ refers to both the folding of domains and to the final arrangement

Answer 13

Tertiary Structure

Question 13

Tertiary Structure is stabilized by?

Answer 13

Disulfide bonds Hydrophobic interactions Hydrogen bonds Ionic interaction (electrostatic attraction)

Question 13

Tertiary Structure can be determined by the use of _________ and __________

Answer 13

X-ray crystallography and NMR Spectroscopy

Question 13

what does NMR Spectroscopy stands for?

Answer 13

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Question 13

______ is the fundamental functional and 3D structural units of polypeptides

Answer 13

Domains

Question 14

_______ is the unfolding and disorganization of a proteins secondary and tertiary structure without the hydrolysis of peptide

Answer 14

Protein Denaturation

Question 14

Protein Denaturation is often ________ and ______ from solution

Answer 14

Insoluble, Precipitate

Question 15

what are the denaturing agents of Tertiary Structure?

Answer 15

SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) Urea Guanidium Hydrochloride

Question 16

in Guanidium Hydrochloride if detergent is charged, it can disrupts ________ interaction

Answer 16

Electrostatic

Question 16

disrupts hydrophobic interactions

Answer 16

Guanidium Hydrochloride

Question 16

_______ is where a-helices and B-sheets tend to make the polypeptide rigid

Answer 16

Fibrous Proteins

Question 17

________ are usually structural proteins

Answer 17

Fibrous Proteins

Question 17

Fibrous Proteins tend to be ______ and _______

Answer 17

long, thin

Question 18

examples of Fibrous Proteins

Answer 18

Cytoskeleton Protein Elastin Collagen

Question 19

Protein folding can occurs in _______ to _______

Answer 19

Seconds, Minutes

Question 19

_______ is the result from the formation of secondary structure driven by the ________ effect

Answer 19

Protein folding, Hydrophobic

Question 20

molecular chaperones is also known as

Answer 20

HSP ( Heat Shock Proteins)

Question 21

what is the role of chaperones?

Answer 21

Interact with the polypeptide by binding hydrophobic regions Helps proteins fold properly

Question 22

______ contain short a-helices and B-sheets interspersed with randomly coiled regions

Answer 22

Globular proteins

Question 23

Globular proteins have the following characteristics:

Answer 23

Compact Spherical Flexible

Question 24

Globular proteins usually have ________ activity

Answer 24

Enzymatic

Question 25

______ is the loss of biological activity

Answer 25

Denaturation

Question 26

______ is where the activity regains

Answer 26

Renaturation

Question 27

_______ reduce disulfide bridges to 2 sulfhydryl groups

Answer 27

B-mercaptoethanol

Question 28

B-mercaptoethanol formula

Answer 28

HS-CH2-CH2-OH

Question 29

what are the denaturing processes in tertiary structure?

Answer 29

Heat Mechanical disruptions Drastic pH changes

Question 30

______ is the multimeric units of polypeptide chain

Answer 30

Quaternary Structure

Question 31

Quaternary Structure commonly occurring examples

Answer 31

Dimers Trimers Tetramers

Question 32

A ___________ consist of 4 polypeptide chains

Answer 32

Tetramers

Question 33

________ shows positive cooperativity-binding of one oxygen increases the binding of the succeeding oxygen molecule.

Answer 33

Quaternary Structure

Question 34

________ is an important characteristics and is the basis for classifying amino acids into the four groups

Answer 34

R groups

Question 35

Acidic chain contains a _______ group

Answer 35

Carboxylate

Question 36

Basic side chain contains an _____ amino group

Answer 36

Additional

Question 37

Is the only sulfydryl (-SH) containing amino acid, and has chemical property not shared by the other.

Answer 37

Cysteine

Question 38

_____ group can easily be oxidized to form a disulfide bond (-S-S-).

Answer 38

Sulfhydryl

Question 39

Two cysteine molecules react readily to form a ______ compound called ______

Answer 39

Disulfide, Cystine

Question 40

The disulfide is easily converted to -SH groups by the action of ______

Answer 40

Reducing agents

Question 41

_______ and ________ are the structural isomers of each other and has a unique set of properties.

Answer 41

Glycylalanine and alanylglycine

Question 42

An organic compound containing both an amino group and carboxylate group with the amino group attached to the carbon next to the carboxylate group

Answer 42

Alpha amino acid

Question 43

Is derived from the word proteios, which means "of first importance"

Answer 43

Proteins

Question 44

Indispensable components of all living things where they play crucial roles in all biological processes

Answer 44

Proteins

Question 45

Each amino acid has a characteristics side chain or also known as ______ that imparts chemical individuality to the molecule

Answer 45

R groups

Question 46

Acidic side chain contain _____ group in basic side chain contain ______ group

Answer 46

Carboxylate, additional amino

Question 47

An amino acid polymer made up of more than 50 amino acid

Answer 47

Protein