Proteins Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the monomer of protein?
Amino acids
What are dipeptides?
Two amino acids that have bonded together
What are polypeptide?
More than two amino acids that have bonded together and makes up proteins
What is the structure of amino acids?
What is the bond between amino acids called?
peptide bonds
What is the primary structure of protein?
the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
What is the secondary structure of protein?
Hydrogen bonds form between the amino acids in the chain. This makes it automatically coil into an alpha helix or fold into a beta pleated sheet.
What is the tertiary structure of protein?
Further coils and fold the structure. More hydrogen and ionic bonds form in different parts of the polypeptide chain. Disulfide bridges forms when two cysteine come close together. For proteins made from a single polypeptide chain the tertiary structure forms their final 3D structure
How does disulphide bond to cysteine?
the sulphur atom in one cysteine reacts bonds to the sulphur atom of the other.
What is the quaternary structure of protein?
The way the polypeptide chains are assembled together. For proteins made from more than one polypeptide chain (e.g. haemoglobin, insulin, collagen) the quaternary structure of is the protein’s final 3D structure.
What are the functions of proteins?
Enzymes, antibodies, transport, structure
How are proteins adapted to be an effective enzyme?
Usually have a rough spherical shape due to the tight folding of the polypeptide chains. They’re soluble and often have roles in the metabolism and other enzymes help to synthesis large molecules
How are proteins adapted to be an effective antibody?
Antibodies are made up of two short polypeptide chains and two long polypeptide chains bonded together. Antibodies have variable regions - amino acid sequences in these regions vary.
How are proteins adapted for an effective transport?
Channel proteins in the cell membrane, contains hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids, which causes proteins to fold up and form a channel. These proteins transport molecules and ions across membranes.
How are proteins adapted to effectively support structure?
They are physically strong. Consists of long polypeptide chains lying parallel to each other with cross-links between them. Structural proteins include keratin (found in hair and nails) and collagen (found in connective tissues)
