Proteins Flashcards
(20 cards)
Proteins …
Proteins are the major structural materials of animal tissue and
are also involved in the maintenance and regulation of life processes.
There are two main types of protein:
Fibrous
Globular
Fibrous protein
These protein molecules are long, spiral chains that are folded to form strong structures such as hair, fingernails and muscle tissue.
Globular protein
These proteins have the spiral chains folded into spherical shapes and are responsible for substances in the human body such as haemoglobin, enzymes and certain hormones like insulin.
Why are proteins necessary to humans
they are needed in our diet for growth and repair of body tissue, for example nails and muscle.
Proteins are also responsible for the maintenance and regulation of life processes.
define proteins
proteins are natural condensation polymers made up of amino acids. They are long chain molecules that can be twisted to form spirals and folded into sheets.
Each amino acid has 2 functionall groups. What are they
an amino group -NH₂, and a carboxyl group -COOH
How many essential amino acids needed by the body to make proteins
20
Why do we need protein in our diet
because the body cannot produce all of the essential amino acids it needs
If you are asked to show how amino acids join …
desregard the R groups and focus on where the carboxylic acid and amino ac id groups are
What else is produced when 2 amino acids join
water molecule
what is the new link formed between the amino acids known as
peptide/ amide bond
Enzymes are responsible for …
the many chemical reactions which take place in our body
Most enzymes are …
proteins
why are enzymes described as biological catalysts
because they speed up biochemical reactions, as well as the digestion of dietary protein
What happens when dietary protein is hydrolysed in the body
amino acids are formed
where does the hydrolysis of dietary protein occur
it takes place at the peptide link
Proteins are long chain moledcules that can be twisted to form spirals and folded into sheets.
How is this structure held?
The chains are held in these forms by intermolecular bonding within the molecule.
What happens when proteins are denatured
When heated, the forces of attraction holding the protein together are broken and the protein is denatured i.e it loses its shape.
