Proteins

Question 0

What are the different functions of proteins?

Answer 0

Transport
Enzymes
Antibodies
Contractile
Hormonal
Extra Storage
Receptors 
Structural

Question 1

What do proteins do?

Answer 1

Everything.

Question 2

Name a transport protein

Answer 2

Haemoglobin

Question 3

Name an enzyme protein

Answer 3

Lactase

Question 4

Name a antibody protein

Answer 4

Immunoglobulin

Question 5

Name a contractile protein

Answer 5

Myosin

Question 6

Name a hormonal protein

Answer 6

Oestrogen

Question 7

Name a Extra storage protein

Answer 7

Casein

Question 8

Name a receptor protein

Answer 8

Hormone receptor

MHC marker

Question 9

Name a structural protein

Answer 9

Collagen

Keratin

Question 10

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 10

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen 
and sometimes (Sulphur and Phosphorus)

Question 11

Another word for a protein:

Answer 11

polypeptides

Question 12

What are the subunits of proteins?

Answer 12

Amino acids

Question 13

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 13

20 (recently 22 due to research)

Question 14

The human body can make 11 amino acids. What are they called?

Answer 14

Essential amino acids

Question 15

The amino acids that the body can’t produce are called:

Answer 15

non-essential Amino Acids

Question 16

An amino acid is generally composed of:

Answer 16

Central Carbon and Hydrogen
Carboxyl Group
Amine Group
R (Variable) Group

Question 17

What bond is formed when two amino acids are joined together:

Answer 17

Peptide bond

Question 18

How is a peptide bond formed between the amine and carboxyl group?

Answer 18

The H2 from the NH2 in the amine group and the O from the COOH group form H2O resulting in peptide bond between the Carboxyl and Amine group

Question 19

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 19

Many peptide bonds (lots of amino acids joined together)

Question 20

How can a protein’s structure be broken down?

Answer 20

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

Question 21

What determined the function of a protein?

Answer 21

The 3D shape of a protein

Question 22

What is the primary structure of the protein based on?

Answer 22

The amino acid sequence

Gly-Val-Gly-Lyc

Question 23

What is the secondary structure based on?

Answer 23

The folding of a portion of the amino acid chain

Question 24

What are the three main configurations in the secondary structure of a protein?

Answer 24

alpha helix beta pleated sheet random coil

Question 25

What is random coil?

Answer 25

It is not a true secondary structure but signifies the absence of one.

Question 26

What is the tertiary structure of a protein based on?

Answer 26

The 3D shape of the entire polypeptide chain

Question 27

What composes the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 27

The alpha helixes, beta pleated sheets and random coils all together

Question 28

What is the quaternary structure of protein based upon?

Answer 28

When two or more polypeptide chains interact with each other to form a protein

Question 29

What are conjugated proteins?

Answer 29

Sometimes polypeptide chains conjugate (associate/join with) other organic compounds

Question 30

Name three conjugate proteins and their composition

Answer 30

Nucleoproteins – protein and nucleic acids Glycoproteins – protein and glycans (oligosaccharides) Lipoproteins – protein and lipids

Question 31

What is an non-active protein?

Answer 31

Proteins that produced in an inactive form (usually enzymes and hormones)

Question 32

How are non-active proteins activated?

Answer 32

They require specific enzymes to activate them. Which results in a change in the 3D shape of the protein

Question 33

What is a proteome?

Answer 33

The complete collection of proteins produced by a single cell or organism in a PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENT at a SPECIFIC TIME

Question 34

What is the study of proteomes called?

Answer 34

Proteomics

Question 35

Why is the study of proteomes important?

Answer 35

No protein works in isolation of other proteins and different organisms are comprised of different proteins. This can help scientists analyse an organism at a greater understanding

Question 36

What is structural proteomics?

Answer 36

The study of 3D structures of known proteins, which then allows for testable predictions about the function of new/unknown proteins based on their structure