Proteins

Question 1

What is another name for a peptide bond?

Answer 1

amide bond

Question 2

What is a usefull function of the negative charge of proteins?

Answer 2

It can buffer a solution

Question 3

What direction does a primary structure go?

Answer 3

From N terminus to C terminus

Question 4

how is a secondary structure stabilized?

Answer 4

Via hydrogen bonds between the R groups

Question 5

What is a beta turn?

Answer 5

a type of secondary structure that is composed of PROLINE

Question 6

What does proline do in a tertiary structure?

Answer 6

It contributes to the bends and turns.

Question 7

What helps a tertiary structure remain stable?

Answer 7

cysteine bonds (disulfur bonds are cysteine to cysteine sulfur bonds)

Question 8

What are two key examples of quaternary proteins?

Answer 8

hemoglobin and antibodies

Question 9

What type of bond is a peptide bond?

Answer 9

covalent

Question 10

What does denaturing protein bonds do?

Answer 10

breaks all of the bonds except the covalent peptide and disulfur bonds.

Question 11

What enzyme can break peptide bonds?

Answer 11

protease

Question 12

What is the best method of determining the 3D structure of a protein?

Answer 12

Xray diffraction

Question 13

What does electrophoresis do?

Answer 13

separates proteins based on size and charge

Question 14

What are the 5 groups of amino acids?

Answer 14

1. non-polar, aliphatic R groups
2. Aromatic R groups
3. Polar, uncharged R groups
4. Positively charged R groups
5. Negatively charged R groups

Question 15

What is the only amino acid that is not Chiral?

Answer 15

glycine

Question 16

Which amino acids are aromatics?

Answer 16

Its pheny when you tryp on a tyre

phenylalanine
tryptophan
tyrosine

Question 17

What are the positively charged amino acids?

Answer 17

Basically (+) the HISTory of ARGINtina is a LYe

histadine
arginine
lysine

Question 18

What are the negatively charged amino acids?

Answer 18

Ass and gluts are negative

aspartate
glutamate

Question 19

Which amino acids are exclusively ketogenic?

Answer 19

leucine and lysine (L and L)

Question 20

Which amino acids are both glucogenic and ketogenic?

Answer 20

PhITTT (they are so fit that they can do both!)

phenylalanine
isoleucine
tyrosine
threonine
tryptophan

Question 21

What is an amino acid called if its broken down for energy?

Answer 21

alpha keto acids

Question 22

Which configuration are amino acids in? L or D?

Answer 22

ALL of us want to be a DDS

Amino acids - L
Sugars - D

Question 23

Which amino acids are made from pyruvate?

Answer 23

LIVA pye

Leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine

Question 24

What is the R group for alanine?

Answer 24

methyl group

Question 25

What protein is found in collagen and elastin?

Answer 25

glycine (about 33% of them is glycine)

Question 26

What is the amino acid that is the simplest structure with a hydrogen for its R group?

Answer 26

glycine

Question 27

What is glycine used to make?

Answer 27

creatine, purines, porphyrin Glycine CREATES PURE PORES *its also used to make glycocholic acid ( a bile salt)

Question 28

What amino acid substitution creates sickle cell anemia?

Answer 28

valine is substituted for glutamate

Question 29

What is the amino acid in a start codon?

Answer 29

methionine (AUG)

Question 30

What amino acid is only essential in people with phenylketonuria?

Answer 30

phenylalanine, which makes tyrosine

Question 31

What are the two source of the urea cycle?

Answer 31

aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate

Question 32

What are hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine?

Answer 32

Non-standard amino acids found in collagen.

Question 33

What is lysyl hydroxylase?

Answer 33

an enzyme that adds the OH group to proline and lysine to make hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine.

Question 34

What does lysyl hydroxylase require to work?

Answer 34

Vitamin C

Question 35

What is the most abundant protein in blood serum?

Answer 35

albumin

Question 36

What is the most abundant protein in the body by weight?

Answer 36

collagen

Question 37

What form of collagen is in the cytosol of a fibroblast?

Answer 37

procollagen

Question 38

How does elastin differ from collagen other than its stretchiness?

Answer 38

elastin has lysine crosslinks | collagen has disulfide crosslinks

Question 39

What does transferrin do?

Answer 39

transports Iron

Question 40

What is cytochrome?

Answer 40

a protein that has a metal core, usually of iron and acts to transport electrons like in the ETC