PROTEINS & AMINO ACIDS

Question 1

most abundant biological macromolecules

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

refers to the exact sequence of amino acids along a protein chain

Answer 2

Primary structure

Question 3

refers to the bending or folding of the long chain of amino acids
ex: pleated sheets / alpha helix

Answer 3

Secondary structure

Question 4

the further folding; 3D folding pattern because of the interactions between the side chains in the amino acids

Answer 4

Tertiary structure

Question 5

aggregation of more than one polypeptide chain such as hemoglobin

Answer 5

Quaternary structure

Question 6

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AMINO ACID

Answer 6

Right: Carboxylic group
Left: Amino group
Side chain

Question 7

all amino acids except _____ are chiral and have the L configuration

Answer 7

Glycine

Question 8

how to determine if an amino acid has an L configuration

Answer 8

if amino acid is on left side and if is chiral

Question 9

are molecules with zero functional group with a positive and negative charge which are equal to zero

Answer 9

Zwitterions

Question 10

there are 22 amino acids but only 20 amino acids comprise the building blocks for protein synthesis. What are the remaining two

Answer 10

Hydroxyproline
Cystine

Question 11

a nonessential amino acid necessary for the construction of the body’s major structural protein collagen

Answer 11

Hydroxyproline

Question 12

is present essentially in all tissues and all genetic types of collagen

Answer 12

Hydroxyproline

Question 13

Defects in _____ synthesis lead to bruising, internal bleeding, breakdown of connective tissue of the ligaments and tendons, and increased risk to blood vessel damage

Answer 13

Collagen synthesis

Question 14

precursor of Hydroxyproline

Answer 14

Proline

Question 15

is an amino acid found in digestive enzymes, cells of the immune system, skeletal & connective tissues, skin, and hair

Answer 15

Cystine

Question 15

the conversion of proline to hydroxyproline requires _____

Answer 15

vitamin C

Question 16

hair and skin are __% - __% cystine

Answer 16

10% -14%

Question 17

connects cysteine molecules

Answer 17

Sulfide bond

Question 18

amino acids are classified based on their __ groups

Answer 18

R groups

Question 19

specific amide bond that links the two amino acids together forming peptide or polypeptide chain

Answer 19

Peptide bonds

Question 20

peptide is form the greek word _____, meaning digestion/digested

Answer 20

peptos

Question 20

are fragments of proteins produced during protein digestion

Answer 20

peptides

Question 21

Peptide has partial double bond character; ROTATION AT THE C-N BOND IS NOT POSSIBLE

Question 22

2 amino acids

Answer 22

Dipeptide

Question 23

3-10 amino acids

Answer 23

Oligopeptide

Question 24

more than 10 amino acids

Answer 24

Polypeptide

Question 25

300-1000 amino acids

Answer 25

Proteins

Question 26

non-saccharide sweetener

Answer 26

Aspartame

Question 27

prevents oxidative damage in cells caused by reactive oxygen species; prevents melanin production

Answer 27

Glutathione

Question 28

3 AMINO ACIDS IN GLUTATHIONE

Answer 28

Glu-Cys-Gly

Question 29

compact, coiled, & folded

Answer 29

Globular proteins

Question 30

relatively small, spherical, and likely to be soluble in aqueous medium

Answer 30

Globular proteins

Question 31

oxygen binding protein of muscle cells

Answer 31

Myoglobin

Question 32

polypeptides of polypeptide chains arranged parallel along the axis yielding fibers

Answer 32

Fibrous proteins

Question 33

insoluble in water and dilute salt solutions

Answer 33

Fibrous proteins

Question 34

amino acids that have been incorporated into peptides

Answer 34

Amino acid residues