URINALYSIS

Question 1

what is the normal urine volume per day

Answer 1

600 - 2500 mL per day

Question 2

are substances that stimulate the kidney causing an increase in the volume of urine excreted

Answer 2

Diuretics

Question 3

is the condition where there is an increased amount of urine excretion

Answer 3

Diuresis

Question 4

FACTORS AFFECTING URINE VOLUME

Answer 4

Amount of water intake
External temperature
Individual mental and physical state
Diet

Question 5

A condition in which the volume of urine is above normal

Answer 5

Polyuria

Question 6

A condition where there is no urine secreted at all.

Answer 6

Anuria

Question 7

condition where the urine quantity is less than the normal

Answer 7

Oliguria

Question 8

Most often, the condition results from the dehydration, cardiac insufficiency and fever

Answer 8

Oliguria

Question 9

is the tendency of an individual to void at night

Answer 9

Nocturia

Question 10

may be encountered during early stage of diabetes mellitus

Answer 10

Nocturia

Question 11

normal specific gravity value

Answer 11

1.008 - 1.030

Question 12

in pancreatic diabetes, the volume of the urine is _____ normal value and so with the specific gravity.

Answer 12

above

Question 13

The high specific gravity in pancreatic diabetes is due to the high concentration of _____ present in urine.

Answer 13

glucose

Question 14

FACTORS THAT INLFUENCE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF URINE

Answer 14

• amount of fluid intake
• time of the day
• pathologic condition

Question 15

this can give the physician idea of how well the kidney if functioning in removing the waste product of metabolism.

Answer 15

Specific gravity

Question 16

is a special type of hydrometer used to determine the specific gravity of urine

Answer 16

Uriometer

Question 17

pH of urine ranged from __ to __ with an average of __.

Answer 17

4.7
8
6

Question 18

The titratable acidity of urine is equal to ___ mL of 0.1 N acid

Answer 18

250 mL

Question 20

Acidity in high in diabetes mellitus as a result of large quantities of acetone bodies namely _____ and _____.

Answer 20

β-hydroxybutyric acid
Acetoacetic acid

Question 21

urine is alkaline due to the removal of ___ from blood

Answer 21

HCl

Question 22

urine is alkaline after excessive vomiting in _____

Answer 22

Alkalosis

Question 23

Urine becomes alkaline on standing due to conversion of _____ to ammonia and carbon dioxide

Answer 23

urea

Question 24

normal color of urine

Answer 24

pale yellow to amber

Question 25

the lesser the urine volume, the _____ is the color

Answer 25

more intense

Question 26

is the chief urine pigment derived from pyroll metabolism.

Answer 26

Urochrome

Question 27

It is a combination of urobilin and urobilinogen

Answer 27

Urochrome

Question 28

combination of urochrome

Answer 28

Urobilin Urobilinogen

Question 29

the urine usually darkens due to the oxidation of _____ to _____, and _____ to _____

Answer 29

Urobilinogen to urobilin Urochromogen to urochrome

Question 30

influences the yellow orange color of urine

Answer 30

Santonin

Question 31

influences the reddish brown color of urine

Answer 31

senna, rhubarb, cascara

Question 32

influences the green color of urine

Answer 32

Methylene blue

Question 33

influences the black color of urine

Answer 33

Carbolic acid poisoning

Question 34

influences the green, deep yellow, brown color of urine

Answer 34

liver disease

Question 35

influences the dark yellow / brownish color of urine

Answer 35

fever

Question 36

influences the reddish color of urine

Answer 36

internal hemorrhage

Question 37

taste of urine

Answer 37

salty because of the presence of NaCl

Question 38

taste of urine in diabetic patients

Answer 38

sweet due to the presence of glucose

Question 39

is the most important nitrogenous constituent of urine

Answer 39

Urea

Question 40

80%to 90% percent of nitrogen in urine is in this form

Answer 40

Urea

Question 41

amount of urea in urine per day for 70kg adult

Answer 41

12-36g per day

Question 42

is the most important end product of oxidation of purine in the body

Answer 42

Uric acid

Question 43

is derived from partial oxidation of uric acid

Answer 43

Allantoin

Question 44

is a combination of glycine and benzoic acid

Answer 44

Hippuric acid

Question 45

These are detected in small quantities, their urinary content is often of diagnostic significance

Answer 45

vitamins/hormones/enzymes

Question 46

Very little is found in men but are normally present in the urine of children

Answer 46

Creatine

Question 47

The value bears a direct relation to the muscle mass of the individual

Answer 47

Creatinine

Question 48

It is the end product of phosphocreatine degradation

Answer 48

Creatinine

Question 49

normal creatinine content in men

Answer 49

20-26 mg/kg/day

Question 50

normal creatinine content in women

Answer 50

14-22 mg/kg/day

Question 51

It is excreted in the form of sodium chloride

Answer 51

Chlorides

Question 52

This is derived mainly from proteins containing methionine and cysteine and the output is dependent on protein intake

Answer 52

Sulfates

Question 53

4 CATIONS IN THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS

Answer 53

Ca K Mg Na

Question 54

is the presence of albumin or globulin in urine in abnormal concentration of which albumin is the main protein

Answer 54

Proteinuria (albuminuria)

Question 55

light chain fragments of globulin which usually seen in multiple myeloma but rarely in leukemia

Answer 55

Bence-Jones proteins

Question 56

condition when red blood cells are found in the urine

Answer 56

hematuria

Question 57

condition when rhemoglibin is found in the urine

Answer 57

homoglobinuria