Protien Synthesis

Question 1

The BACKBONE (sides of the ladder) of the DNA molecule is made up of which TWO molecules

Answer 1

Phosphate and Pentose Sugar

Question 2

Which nitrogenous base will pair with guanine?

Answer 2

Cytosine

Question 3

If a strand of DNA contains 10% Thymine, what percentage of Guanine will it contain?

Answer 3

40%

Question 4

What kind of bonds hold the two sides of the DNA “ladder” together. Hint: they are weaker bonds

Answer 4

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 5

The repeating, three-part sub-units that make up the DNA polymer are called:

Answer 5

Nucleotides

Question 6

Which sugar is found in the nucleotides of DNA?

Answer 6

Deoxyribose

Question 7

Which nitrogenous bases from DNA are pyrimidines?

Answer 7

Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil

Question 8

The shape of the DNA molecule is a __________ helix.

Answer 8

Double

Question 9

One gene on a chromosome is responsible for coding for one

Answer 9

Protein

Question 10

The first step in translation is

Answer 10

Initiation

Question 11

Which mRNA codon is found at the beginning of every single mRNA strand?

Answer 11

AUG

Question 12

How many nitrogenous bases make up a single codon?

Answer 12

Three

Question 13

Translation occurs in / on which organelle in the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

Ribosome

Question 14

Which structure delivers amino acids to the site of translation?

Answer 14

tRNA

Question 15

tRNA molecules have an __________ which is complimentary to the codon on the mRNA strand. Only the correct tRNA can match up with the mRNA codon.

Answer 15

Anticodon

Question 16

If the DNA sequence of a gene is:

GGC ATG CTA CGT

what will the transcribed mRNA sequence be?

Answer 16

CCG UAC GAU GCA

Question 17

The first stage of translation where the mRNA and small ribosomal subunit are coming together is called ________________.

Answer 17

initiation

Question 18

The second stage of translation, where the amino acid chain is growing longer, is called ______________.

Answer 18

elongation

Question 19

The final stage of translation, where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome, is called _______________.

Answer 19

termination

Question 20

What DNA sequences would signal the end of an amino acid chain?

Answer 20

ATT, ATC or ACT

Question 21

In RNA, what DNA base is replaced by Uracil?

Answer 21

Thymine

Question 22

The shape of an RNA molecule is a

Answer 22

straight, single strand

Question 23

mRNA is made by the enzyme

Answer 23

RNA polymerase

Question 24

The process of making an mRNA strand is called

Answer 24

Transcription

Question 25

One mRNA strand is produced from the information found in one _____.

Answer 25

gene

Question 26

RNA contains the sugar _________.

Answer 26

Ribose

Question 27

An RNA nucleotide is made up of ___________

Answer 27

Ribose Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous bases (which could include Uracil)

Question 28

The types of RNA that are found in the cell.

Answer 28

rRNA, tRNA, mRNA

Question 29

The sugar-phosphate groups that make up the backbone of the RNA molecule are joined together by ________________.

Answer 29

strong covalent bonds

Question 30

The mRNA molecule is transcribed from the ______ strand of the DNA molecule.

Answer 30

Sense

Question 31

Any factor that can cause a mutation is called a(n)

Answer 31

Mutagen

Question 32

What type of mutation is shown in the following example? Original: TCG AAC GGT New: TCT AAC GGT

Answer 32

Substitution

Question 33

What are the 2 main categories of mutations?

Answer 33

Gene and chromosomal

Question 34

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of a chromosome is "flipped" is called a _________ mutation.

Answer 34

inversion

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a type of potential mutagen? viruses certain chemicals radiation cancer

Answer 35

Cancer

Question 36

Somatic mutations occur in

Answer 36

Cells of the body - e.g. skin cells

Question 37

Any factor that can cause a mutation which leads to cancer is called a

Answer 37

carcinogen

Question 38

What type of mutation is shown in the following example? Original: TCG AAC GGT New: TCG GAA CGG T

Answer 38

addition

Question 39

What type of mutation is shown in the following example?

Answer 39

Deletion

Question 40

Germinal mutations occur in

Answer 40

gametes (sperm or eggs) and | early in embryonic development

Question 41

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of a chromosome is repeated is called a _________ mutation.

Answer 41

deletion

Question 42

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of a chromosome is moved from one chromosome to another chromosome is called a _________ mutation.

Answer 42

translocation

Question 43

Process where mRNA is created

Answer 43

Transcription

Question 44

Transcription occurs in the __________ of the cell

Answer 44

Nucleus

Question 45

The process where mRNA is made in amino acids?

Answer 45

Translation

Question 46

Translation occurs in the _________ part of the cell

Answer 46

Ribosome

Question 47

During DNA replication _________ breaks hydrogen bonds and unzips the original DNA molecule

Answer 47

DNA helicase