Protiens Topic 16 Part 2 Flashcards
(10 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 “structure of protein”?
A
- It’s a big complicated molecules
- it has 4 levels of structures;
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary
2
Q
What is the primary structure of protein?
A
It’s the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
3
Q
Define the secondary structure of protein?
A
- The polypeptide chain does not remain flat and straight
- then hydrogen bonds are formed between the amino acids in the chain
- then it automatically coil and fold(this depends where the amino acid is arranged in the polypeptide chain)
- after it either becomes Alpha helix or Beta pleated chain
4
Q
Define the 3rd Tertiary structure of protein?
A
- the coiled and folded amino acids chain is folded further
- to form more bonds between different parts of the polypeptide chain
- hydrogen bonds & ionic bonds
- and disulfide bridges/ disulfide
5
Q
Define the 4th Quaternary structure of protein?
A
- some of the proteins are made form several different polypeptide chains
- it’s held together by bonds
- quaternary structure is the way how the polypeptide chains are assembled together
Note:
Harm group are ions
6
Q
What is Protein synthesis?
A
- It’s the production of proteins
- using instructions in DNA
RNA- mRNA an tRNA - transcription
- translation
7
Q
What is Protein synthesis?
A
- It’s the production of proteins
- using instructions in DNA
RNA- mRNA an tRNA - transcription
- translation
8
Q
Describe the process of transcription that occur during protein synthesis?
A
- It happens in the Nucleus (Eukaryotic cells) Cytoplasm (prokaryotic cells)
- RNA polymerase - This enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of the RNA molecule by linking nucleotides together
- DNA helicase - that unwinds the double-stranded DNA helix
- then hydrogen bonds are broken
- finally mRNA (copy of a gene) is made from DNA - The RNA nucleotides pair with their complementary bases on the DNA template strand
9
Q
Describe the process of “Translation” in protein synthesis?
A
- in this stage polypeptides are produced
- using the sequence of condons carried by the mRNA
- which occurs at the ribosome in the cytoplasm
10
Q
What happens if “protein synthe” is disrupted?
A
Errors in protein synthesis disrupt
* cellular fitness,
*cause disease phenotypes
*and shape gene and genome evolution.
