The Nervous System Topic 17 Part 1

Question 1

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

Answer 1

To coordinate and control bodily functions and responses.

Question 2

Define ‘receptor’ in the context of the nervous system.

Answer 2

A structure that detects a stimulus.

Question 3

What is a stimulus?

Answer 3

A change in the environment that initiates a response.

Question 4

What is a neurone?

Answer 4

A nerve cell that transmits electrical impulses.

Question 5

What role do neurotransmitters play?

Answer 5

They transmit signals/ information across synapses between neurones.

Question 6

What does CNS stand for?

Answer 6

Central Nervous System.

Question 7

What is a “Reflex arc”?

Answer 7

The neural pathway that controls a reflex action.
E.g., if you [ut yot hand on something hot you move straight away without thinking

Question 8

What is homeostasis?

Answer 8

The maintenance of a stable internal environment.

• it’s an automatic control system
• Stimulus - Recepotor (e.g., Ears; their part is to her noises) - co-ordination centre (CNS) - effort - response

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The pathway for a reflex action is _______ - Receptor – co-ordination centre (CNS) – effector - response.

Answer 9

Stimulus

Question 10

1. What characterizes “Simple reflexes”?

Answer 10

They are rapid, involuntary, and protective, automatic. It’s short live/ doesn’t last long

Extra info:
* Automatic
* Stimulus
* Receptors
* Electrical impulses - action potential
* sensory neurone
* Relay neurone
* Motor neurone
* Effector
* Response

Question 11

What is the speed range of electrical impulses in myelinated axons?

Answer 11

80-120 m/s.

Question 12

Calculate the distance traveled by an electrical impulse if the time taken is 0.14s and speed is 2m/s.

Answer 12

0.28m.

Question 13

Describe the simple reflex pathway for the withdrawal of a hand from a hot surface.

Answer 13

Stimulus (heat) → Receptors (skin) → Sensory neurone → CNS → Relay neurone → Motor neurone → Effector (muscle) → Response (withdrawal).

Question 14

What is a synapse?

Answer 14

It’s a junction/space between two neurones or between a neurone and an effector cell.

Question 15

What is found in the synaptic knob?

Answer 15

Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters.

Question 16

True or False: Reflex actions are processed in the conscious part of the brain.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

List the components of a simple reflex arc.

Answer 17

• Stimulus
• Receptor
• Sensory neurone
• Relay neurone
• Motor neurone
• Effector
• Response

Question 18

What must you do to successfully complete the participation assessment?

Answer 18

Complete every question of the quiz at the end of each lecture.

Question 19

What should you use as your player name for the quiz?

Answer 19

Your correct university number starting with a U.

Question 20

What should you do if you cannot attend the lecture for medical reasons?

Answer 20

Email the instructor directly.

Question 21

What should you ask for if you do not have a mobile phone during the lecture?

Answer 21

A paper copy of the quiz.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: Extra reading from today’s lecture is from pages _______ to _______.

Answer 22

453 to 456

Question 23

Who are the authors of the reference ‘Biology: a Global Approach’?

Answer 23

Campbell, Neil, et al.

Question 24

What year was the ‘New 2015 a-level biology for aqa’ published?

Answer 24

2015.

Question 25

What is the purpose of the synaptic vesicles?

Answer 25

To store and release neurotransmitters.

Question 26

What type of neurone is responsible for carrying impulses away from the CNS?

Answer 26

Motor neurone. To detect stimuli from the environment, such as light, sound, touch, taste, and smell, and transmit this information as electrical signals to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) for processing and interpretation * Dendrite * Dendrone * Cell body * Neuclus * Myelin sheath * Axon

Question 27

What is the function and structure of “Motor Neuron”?

Answer 27

Function: They are specialized nerve cells within the central nervous system that transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles Structure * Dendrite * Cell body * Nucleus * Myelin sheath * Axon * Axon terminal

Question 28

What is “Dendrite”?

Answer 28

They are branches of nerve cells that receive signals from other neurons or the environment

Question 29

What is the function of “Myelin sheath” in Motor Neuron?

Answer 29

It acts as an insulating layer, allowing electrical impulses to travel quickly and efficiently along the axon.

Question 30

The is “Axon” in motor neuron?

Answer 30

The axon acts as the long, singular fiber that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body, transmitting the signal to muscle fibers to trigger muscle contraction

Question 31

What does “Axon terminal” do in motor neuron?

Answer 31

It release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, which then transmit the electrical signal to a muscle fiber, causing it to contract

Question 32

What is the function of “cell body” in motor neurone?

Answer 32

functions as the central processing unit of the neuron, receiving signals from dendrites, integrating information, and generating the electrical impulse that travels down the axon to stimulate muscle contraction

Question 33

What is the function of the “nucleus” in motor neurone?

Answer 33

acts as the control center of the cell, containing the genetic material necessary to synthesize proteins that are crucial for the neuron's function, including enzymes, receptors, and structural proteins required for the growth, development, and maintenance of the motor neuron

Question 34

What is the function and structure of “Sensory neuron”?

Answer 34

Function: To detect stimuli from the environment, such as light, sound, touch, taste, and smell, and transmit this information as electrical signals to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) for processing and interpretation Structure: * Dendrite * Dendrone * Cell body * Neuclus * Myelin sheath * Axon

Question 35

What is the function of “Dendrite” in Sensory neuron?

Answer 35

It functions as the primary receiver of sensory information from the external environment, acting like a "antenna" to detect stimuli

Question 36

What is the function of “Dendron” in sensory neuron?

Answer 36

functions as the primary extension that receives sensory information from a receptor cell and transmits electrical impulses towards the cell body

Question 37

What is the function of “cell body” in sensory neuron?

Answer 37

acts as the central processing unit, receiving electrical signals from the dendrites, integrating the information, and then generating an electrical impulse to be sent down the axon to transmit sensory information to the central nervous system

Question 38

What is the function of “Nucleus” in sensory neurone?

Answer 38

acts as the control center of the cell, containing the genetic material (DNA) which directs the synthesis of proteins necessary for the neuron's function, including enzymes, receptors, and structural proteins, essentially regulating the cell's growth, development, and activity by controlling gene expression

Question 39

What is the function of “Myelin Sheath” in sensory neuron?

Answer 39

Allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells. Note* If myelin is damaged, these impulses slow down. This can cause diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

Question 40

What is the function of “Axons” in Sensory neurone?

Answer 40

to transmit electrical impulses, also known as action potentials, from the sensory receptor to the cell body of the neuron, then further along the axon to the central nervous system, carrying information about the sensory stimuli like touch, sight, or sound