protists

Question 1

protist definition

Answer 1

microbial eukaryotes that are mostly microscopic.

Protozoa are phagotropic, do photosynthesis

include protozoa, algae, and slime molds

Question 2

mixotrophs

Answer 2

are autotrophic and heterotrophic

Question 3

archaeplastida

Answer 3

consist of algae and land plants

Question 4

excavata

Answer 4

include euglena

Question 5

SAR clade

Answer 5

include stramemophiles, alveolata, and Rhizaria

Question 6

primary endosymbiosis

Answer 6

heterotrophic eukaryote engulfing cyanobacteria creates photosynthetic cell membrane that is lost over time.

Results in two membranes around the chloroplasts in red/green algae

Question 7

How did the rest of the photosynthetic protists arise?

Answer 7

engulfment of algae in secondary endosymbiosis

Question 8

euglenoid evolution

Answer 8

come from green algae through endosymbiosis

Question 9

brown algae, diatoms, and dinoflagellate evolution

Answer 9

come from red algae

Question 10

evidence for endosymbiotic theory

Answer 10

similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts including how they divide, number of membranes they are surrounded by, and the presence of non nuclear DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 11

life cycle for algae

Answer 11

alternation of generations involving diploid sporophytes and haploid gametophytes

Question 12

spores

Answer 12

part of haploid generation, allow for genetic diversity

Question 13

what is true about fungi cells?

Answer 13

Most of them are haploid

Question 14

anisogamy

Answer 14

difference in gamete size with both of them being flagellated

Question 15

isogamy

Answer 15

gametes are same size and both flagellated

Question 16

red algae

Answer 16

found in marine habitats, good at absorbing blue light

large, multicellular, unflagellated, store food as Floridian starch, produce agar and carrageenan for diet

Question 17

pigment for green algae

Answer 17

chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids

Question 18

what are green algae cell walls made of

Answer 18

cellulose

Question 19

watermelon snow

Answer 19

has pink pigment

Question 20

types of green algae

Answer 20

charophytes, chlorophytes, ulvophytes

Question 21

green algae body construction

Answer 21

motile (all cells are similar and flagella is maintained or nonmotile (no flagella)

Question 22

filamentous vs membranous body

Answer 22

filamentous - cells held by middle lamella and divide transversely

membranous body - cells divide in two planes

Question 23

parenchymatous vs coenocytic

Answer 23

parenchymatous - cell division occurs in all three dimensions, cells interconnected by plasmodesmata

coenocytic - cytokinesis doesn’t occur, results in giant multinucleate cells

Question 24

charophyceae definition

Answer 24

most similar to land plants, go through mitosis and contain gametengia (sacs with gametes)

Question 25

charophyceae charactertistics

Answer 25

contain cellulose in cell walls, peroxisomes contain photorespiration enzyme, sperm are similar in structure

Question 26

important functions for cyanobacteria and algae

Answer 26

important phytoplankton, toxic blooms and dead zones, biofuel producers

Question 27

species with most numbers

Answer 27

green algae

Question 28

fucoxanthin

Answer 28

gives golden algae their gold color

Question 29

golden algae characteristics

Answer 29

silica scales, one or two flagella, type of stramenophile

Question 30

stramenophiles

Answer 30

include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae

Question 31

diatom characteristics

Answer 31

contain silica in their shells, are unicellular, unflagellated, store food or energy as laminarin, are eukaryotic, they contain glass shells and are photosynthetic

Question 32

brown algae

Answer 32

large, multicellular, unflagellated, store food as laminarin (similar to diatoms), use chlorophylll a, carotenoids, chlorophyll c, and fucoxanthin, have chloroplasts and produce algin

Question 33

blade, stipe, holdfast functions

Answer 33

blade - gives surface for sunlight stipe - acts like a stem in plants holdfast- anchors seaweed to surface

Question 34

where are stipes, blades and holdfasts found?

Answer 34

Primarily in brown algae (seaweeds)

Question 35

do brown algae have vascular tissue

Answer 35

no, but they do have sieve tubes

Question 36

fucus

Answer 36

type of brown algae in which reproduction occurs at the top of leaves

Question 37

euglenoid characteristics

Answer 37

can be heterotrophic, mixotrophic, usually have two flagella unicellular, have a pellicle that allows it flexibility, usually in freshwater, contains an eyespot

Question 38

dinoflagellate characteristics

Answer 38

some are photosynthetic, some aren't, produce many toxins and cause red tide, found in many coral Reeves

Question 39

types of brown algae

Answer 39

laminaria, ectocarpus, fucus

Question 40

oomycetes

Answer 40

water mold that cause potato blight