Protocols

Question 1

UDP

Answer 1

User Datagram Protocol

• commonly used for applications that are “lossy” (can handle some packet loss)
• e.g streaming audio, video
• used for query-response applications, such as DNS queries.
  p. s DNS means Domain Name System- the phonebook of the internet.

Question 2

IP

Answer 2

Internet Protocol

• the set of rules governing the format for routing and addressing packets of data sent via the internet or local network.
• IP addresses contain location information; identifiers of devices for communication and information transfer.

Question 3

TCP

Answer 3

Transmission Control Protocol

• enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data.
• guarantees the completeness of delivered data by organizing data in a secure way.
• used to transmit data from other higher-level protocols that require ALL transmitted data to arrive.

Question 4

HTTP

Answer 4

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

• a client-server protocol
• i.e connects a client (e.g web browser) to a server with websites and fetching their data packets in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) to be displayed on the web browser.
• HTTPS is HTTP with TLS protocol encryption

Question 5

TLS (SSL)

Answer 5

Transport Secure Layer

• successor to SSL - Secure Sockets Layer
• a cryptographic protocol
• designed to provide communications security over a computer network

Question 6

CGI

Answer 6

Common Gateway Interface

• a protocol that is a part of the web server.
• can communicate with other programs running on the server that in turn communicate with external databases or sources.
• e.g Email comments on your Web pages to you, automatically generate a page and send it back to your reader.
• CGI Interpreter in the web server runs CGI scripts (server-side languages) to access, query, and retrieve data from external database servers or sources.