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protostomes (exam3) Flashcards

1
Q

In protostomes, does the mouth or anus develop first?

A

mouth

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2
Q

In protostomes, the coelom is formed by ____.

A

splitting

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3
Q

In deuterostomes, the coelom is formed by ____.

A

pinching

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4
Q

In protostomes, early isolated ____ cells lack the ability to form a complete ____.

A

-embryonic
-embryo

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5
Q

What are the two lineages of protostomes?

A

-lophotrochozoa
-ecdysozoa

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6
Q

Protostomes transitioned to land ____ times.

A

multiple

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7
Q

In the transition to land, protostomes faced the challenge of gravity. What was the adaptation?

A

-hydrostatic skeletons
-exoskeletons

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8
Q

In the transition to land, protostomes faced the challenge of gas exchange. What was the adaptation?

A

-high surface area bodies
-internal gills, lungs, tracheae

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9
Q

In the transition to land, protostomes faced the challenge of dehydration. What was the adaptation?

A

-waxy cuticle
-closeable air holes
-watertight shells
-ability to move
-desiccation resistant eggs

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10
Q

Lophotrochozoans have a feeding structure called a ____.

A

lophophore

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11
Q

Lophotrochozoans have a type of larvae called a ____.

A

trochophore

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12
Q

Lophotrochozoans have ____ cleavage. (which is unique to this group)

A

spiral

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13
Q

Lophotrochozoans grow ____.

A

incrementally

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14
Q

____ provides the strongest evidence that Lophotrochozoans are a monophyletic group.

A

molecular synapomorphies

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15
Q

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) lack a ____.

A
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16
Q

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) lack structures specialized for ____ & circulation of ____ & ____

A

-gas exchange
-oxygen
-nutrients

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17
Q

Flatworms are found only in ____ environments.

A

moist

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18
Q

In Platyhelminthes (flatworms), the flatted body is likely an adaptation to greatly increase ____ ratio

A

surface-area-to-volume

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19
Q

Annelida (segmented worms) have a ____ and full develomed ____.

A

-coelom
-digestive tract

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20
Q

Annelida (segmented worms) have a ____ body.

A

segmented

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21
Q

How many species of Annelida (segmented worms) are there?

A

over 20,000

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22
Q

Annelida (segmented worms) have bristle-like extensions called ____.

A

chaetae

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23
Q

Mollusca has ____ coelom, that functions for ____ & ____.

A

-reduced
-reproduction
-excretion

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24
Q

How many species of Mollusca are there?

A

85-95 thousand

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25
What are the 3 parts of the Mollusca body plan?
-foot -visceral mass -mantle
26
The foot can be modified as ____.
-digging appendage -arms -tentacles
27
The visceral mass functions includes ____, ____ organs, & ____.
-feeding -digestive -breathing
28
What kind of teeth are found in the visceral mass?
radular teeth
29
What structure in the visceral mass is responsible for gas exchange? And how many are there?
-gills -2
30
One disadvantage of the visceral mass is that it ____ easily.
dries out
31
In many species the mantle secretes a shell made of ____.
calcium carbonate
32
In terrestrial snails, the mantle forms an ____.
internal lung
33
In bivalves the mantle is lined with muscle & forms tubes called ____.
siphons
34
The mantle in cephalopods, (siphon) functions in ____.
jet propulsion
35
Rotifera, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, & Mollusca are all ____.
Lophotrochozoans
36
Nematode, Tardigrada, Onychophora, & Arthropoda are all ____.
Ecdysozoa
37
Ecdysozoa grow ____ by molting: shedding an exoskeleton or external covering
intermittently
38
In Ecdysozoa, a hormone called ____ helps regulate molting cycles
ecdysone
39
Nematoda (roundworms) have no ____ and are not ____. They follow the tube-within-a-tube body plan.
-appendages -segmented
40
Nematoda (roundworms) have a ____, which is lined only partially.
pseudocoelom
41
Nematoda (roundworms) have a ____ cuticle that is ____ during growth.
-elastic -molted
42
There are ____ species of Nematoda (roundworms)
less than 20,000
43
Tardigrada & Onychophora (Water Bears & Velvet Worms) have a ____ body plan & ____ limbs
segmented
44
Tardigrada & Onychophora (Water Bears & Velvet Worms) cuticle is not hardened as an ____; limbs are not ____
-exoskeleton -jointed
45
Tardigrada (Water Bears) are ____ & live in diverse environment, often withstanding ____ conditions
-microscopic -extreme
46
Onychophora (Velvet Worms) are caterpillar-like organisms (prey on ____)
invertebrates
47
Arthropods have 2 or 3 body segments or ____.
tagmata
48
Arthropods have ____ limbs and an ____.
-jointed -exoskeleton
49
How many species of arthropods are there? Why are there so many?
-over a million (largest group on Earth) -they have a great body plan
50
Myriapods have ____ tagmata. A head region & a long trunk with a series of many ____. They can have no or several pairs of ____.
-2 -segments -eyes
51
Centipedes have ____ pair of legs per segment.
1
52
Millipedes have ____ pairs of legs per segment.
2
53
Chelicerae have two tagmata: ____ & ____
-cephalothorax -abdomen
54
Chelicerae is also:
a multipurpose appendage near the mouth
55
Chelicerae have pedipalps, which:
handle food & other functions
56
Crustacea have ___ or ___ tagmata:
2 or 3
57
Crustacea are the only extant arthropod with two pairs of ____.
antennae
58
In crustacea the ____ are usually on mounted stalks.
eyes
59
What is the oldest arthropod lineage?
crustacea
60
What is the biggest group of arthropods?
insects
61
Insecta have ____ tagmata.
3
62
In Insecta, ___ pairs of walking legs extend from the ventral surface of the ____.
-three -thorax
63
Insects usually have 1-2 pairs of ____ on the thorax.
wings
64
The head on insects consists of ____ parts. ____ structures, one pair of ____, two or three simple ____ (or a pair of compound ____)
-4 -Mouthpart -antennae -eyes x2
65
Incomplete metamorphosis
the juvenile looks like a smaller version of the adult and they eat the same foods
66
Complete metamorphosis
the larvae look different from the adults and they eat different foods

Ecology (11 decks)

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