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PARASITOLOGY > PROTOZOA > Flashcards

PROTOZOA Flashcards

1
Q

protozoa is a eukaryote, unicellular with ___ and __

A

ectoplasm and endoplasm

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2
Q

Protozoa are with

A

nucleus/nuclei, cytoplasm, outer limiting membrane and organelles

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3
Q

Protozoa are motile with locomotory apparatus: __, __ ,& __

A

cilia, flagella, & pseudopodia

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4
Q

protozoa require __ environment

A

wet environment

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5
Q

protozoa require wet environment for?

A

feeding, locomotion, osmoregulation and reproduction

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6
Q

infective stage which are resistant to environmental changes

A

Cyst

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7
Q

vegetative state

A

Trophozoite

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8
Q

E. histolytica was discovered by

A

Fedor Losch

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9
Q

E. hystolytica. subphylum

A

Sarcodina

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10
Q

E. hystolytica. superclass

A

Rhizopoda

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11
Q

E. hystolytica. class

A

Lobosea

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12
Q

E. hystolytica. order

A

Amoebida

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13
Q

E. hystolytica. family

A

Entamoebidae

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14
Q

E. hystolytica. genus

A

Entamoeba

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15
Q

false feet to move

A

psuedopod

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16
Q

developed cyst

A

trophozoite

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17
Q

most invasive entamoeba parasite

A

Entamoeba hystolytica

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18
Q

how many nucleus in cyst in E. hystolitica

A

1-4 nucleus

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19
Q

E. hystolitica karyotype in nucleus (cyst) is small and central known as

A

bulls eye appearance

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20
Q

E. hystolitica (cyst) Cytoplasm is fine granular ground glass appearance (__?)

A

clean looking

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21
Q

ingestion inclusion of E. hystolitica (cyst) cytoplasm

A

RBCs

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22
Q

E. hystolitica (cyst) CB (chromatin bar)

A

elongated bars with blunt rounded ends (cigar-shaped, sausage shaped, rod like)

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23
Q

Motility of E. hystolitica (cyst)

A

progressive, directional

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24
Q

E. hystolitica size of cyst

A

10-20 um, spherical

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25
Q

E. hystolitica trophozoite size

A

12-60 um, irregular

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26
Q

E. hystolitica trophozoite how many nucleus

A

1 nuclei

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27
Q

only known pathogenic amoeba

A

E. hystolitica

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28
Q

E. hystolitica can cause __ and ___ amoebiasis

A

intra and extraintestinal amoebiasis

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29
Q

E. hystolitica. Asymptomatic. The parasite is a ____ strain

A

low-virulence

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30
Q

E. hystolitica. Asymptomatic. The patients immune system is ___

A

intact

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31
Q

E. hystolitica. Intestinal amoebiasis. Can Lumen-dwelling amoeba cause any illness?

A

No, unless they
invade the intestinal tissues

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32
Q

E. hystolitica. Lumen-dwelling amoeba do not cause any illness, unless they invade the ?

A

intestinal tissues

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33
Q

E. hystolitica. Intestinal Amoebiasis. ___ infection, ___ asymptomatic

A

10% infection, 90% asymptomatic

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34
Q

Penetration of the amoeba is facilitated by the motility of the ___ and the ___

A

trophozoites and the tissue lytic enzyme, histolysin

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35
Q

the tissue lytic enzyme, ____, which damages the mucosal epithelium.

A

histolysin

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36
Q

The metacystic trophozoites penetrate the columnar epithelial cells in _____ in the colon.

A

the crypts of Liberkühn

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37
Q

the typical lesion seen in intestinal amoebiasis

A

Amoebic ulcer

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38
Q

The typical amoebic ulcer is _____in cross section,

A

flask-shaped

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39
Q

The typical amoebic ulcer is flask-shaped in cross section, with mouth and neck being narrow and base large and rounded. “____” constriction

A

Napkin ring

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40
Q

E. hystolitica. Typical manifestation

A

amoebic dysentery

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41
Q

E. hystolitica. Typical manifestation. Stool is __

A

large, foul-smelling, and brownish black, often with
bloodstreaked mucus intermingled with feces.

42
Q

E. hystolytica. Clinical Features. ____ crystals are often present

A

Charcot-Leyden crystals

43
Q

E. hystolytica. Chronic involvement of the caecum causes a condition simulating

A

appendicitis.

44
Q

principal virulence factor which facilitates adherence and activates cellular immune cells of hosts.

A

Lectin

45
Q

E. hystolytica. 3 Poreforming CHONs (protein)

A

Amebapores
Cysteine proteases
Histolysin

46
Q

E. hystolytica. can inactivate the host receptor

A

Neuraminidase

47
Q

E. hystolytica. promotes tissue damage and invasion of
trophozoites

A

Metallocollagenases

48
Q

most common extraintestinal complication of amoebiasis.

A

Hepatic Amoebiasis

49
Q

Hepatic Amoebiasis. Liver abscess:

A

Thick chocolate brown pus (anchovy sauce pus)

50
Q

E. hystolytica. Hepatic Amoebiasis. The incidence of liver abscess is less common in ___ and rare in __

A

less common in women and rare in children under 10 years of age

51
Q

Very rarely, primary amoebiasis of the lung may occur by direct
hematogenous spread from the colon by passing the liver

A

Pulmonary Amoebiasis

52
Q

Pulmonary Amoebiasis. sputum

A

Chocolate brown

53
Q

E. hystolytica. The patient presents with severe pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, andnon-productive cough.

A

Pulmonary Amoebiasis

54
Q

E. hystolytica. Definitive host:

A

Human

55
Q

E. hystolytica. Reservoir host:

A

Human

56
Q

E. hystolytica. Diagnostic stage:

A

Cysts, trophozoites

57
Q

E. hystolytica. Infective form:

A

Mature quadrinucleate cyst passed in feces of convalscents and carriers. The cysts can remain viable under moist conditions for about 10
days.

58
Q

E. hystolytica. Mode of Transmission (MOT)

A

Man acquires infection by swallowing food and water
contaminated with cysts

59
Q

Stomach to Small Intestine:

A

Excystation

60
Q

Small Intestine to Large Intestine:

A

Encystation

61
Q

Large intestine to organs

A

Dissemination

62
Q

E. hystolytica. Excystation

A

Cyst - Metacyst - Metacystic trophozoite

63
Q

E. hystolytica. Encystation.

A

Binucleated cyst - Quadrinucleated cyst - Cyst excreted in feces
(formed, dehydrated lumen)

64
Q

E. hystolytica. Dissemination

A

Large intestine - Bloodstream - Organs (Liver, Lungs, Brain, Skin)

65
Q

E. hystolytica. Lab Diagnosis. Microscopic detection of the trophozoites and cysts in stool
specimen:

A

Standard Method (Fecalysis)

66
Q

E. hystolytica. Lab Diagnosis. ____: concentration technique (centrifuge stool)

A

Gold standard

67
Q

E. hystolytica. Culture media. (6)

A

Boeck/Drbohlav’s diphasic medium
Locke’s egg medium
Shaffer Ryden Frye medium
Balamuth’s medium
Robinson and Inoki
Craig’s medium

68
Q

E. hystolytica. Lab Diagnosis. Serodiagnosis:

A

Indirect hemagglutination
Latex agglutination
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA

69
Q

E. hystolytica. Lab Diagnosis. Sample. Detection of trophozoite: Fresh stool must be examined within ____ after collection

A

30 minutes

70
Q

E. hystolytica. Lab Diagnosis. Sample. ____ must be performed for detection

A

Direct fecal smear

71
Q

Diagnosis for Extraintestinal
Amoebiasis. through?

A

Liver biopsy, Radiological examination

72
Q

drug of choice for the treatment of invasiveamoebiasis.

A

Metronidazole

73
Q

drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst passers. It is given after course of metronidazole for invasive amoebiasis.

A

Diloxanide furoate

74
Q

E. hystolytica. Other drugs for treatment

A

Tinidazole and Secnidazole

75
Q

Morphologically same with E. histolytica, but their DNA and RNA are different

A

Entamoeba dispar

76
Q

It is more prevalent esp. In sexually active homosexual men and do not invade tissues of humans.

A

Entamoeba dispar

77
Q

It causes pathogenesis in animals such as kittens, gerbils and guinea pigs

A

Entamoeba dispar

78
Q

Relatively similar to E histolytica apart from its smaller size

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

79
Q

‘small race’ entamoeba

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

80
Q

E. hartmanni. Trophozoite size

A

3-12 um in size

81
Q

E. hartmanni. Trophozoite. Nucleus. Karyotype: small and ___

A

eccentric

82
Q

E. hartmanni. Trophozoite. Motility

A

Non-progressive

83
Q

E. hartmanni. Cyst. Size

A

(4 -10 um in size)

84
Q

E. hartmanni. Cyst. CB: elongated bar with blunt rounded end (___, ___)

A

bar-like, rice
grain

85
Q

largest race of entamoeba

A

Entamoeba coli

86
Q

E. coli. Described by __ and ___ in Kolkata

A

by Lewis (1870) and Cunningham (1871)

87
Q

E. coli. Its presence in healthy
persons was reported by

A

Grassi (1878)

88
Q

Nonpathogeniccommensal intestinal amoeba but widely distributed

A

Entamoeba coli

89
Q

E. coli. TROPHOZOITE (___ um in size)

A

15-50 um in size

90
Q

E. coli. TROPHOZOITE. Nucleus . PC:

A

dark solid ring

91
Q

E. coli. TROPHOZOITE. cytoplasm Coarsely granular, Vacuolated
(____)

A

dirty looking

92
Q

E. coli. TROPHOZOITE. motility:

A

Non-progressive (sluggish), Blunt, granular pseudopod

93
Q

E. coli. Cyst. (___ um in size)

A

13-30 um in size

94
Q

E. coli. Cyst. how many nucleus

A

1-8 nucleus

95
Q

E. coli. Cyst. Cytoplasm. CB: with pointed ends (___)

A

splinter-like, broomstick, jagged ends

96
Q

No cyst stage. It is generally live on teeth surface and it contains food vacuoles, bacteria and WBCs

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

97
Q

It can be opportunistic amoeba and can be found in cervix, lymph nodes, lung, neck, uterus and in mandibular osteomyelitis

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

98
Q

It can also found in dental plaques of immunocompromised hosts and may plat a role in
periodontitis (swollen gums and teeth loss)

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

99
Q

E. gingivalis. Trophozoite. Size

A

10-20 um in size

100
Q

E. gingivalis. Trophozoite. Cytoplasm. I: epithelial cells,___

A

WBCs

PARASITOLOGY (7 decks)

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