protozoa

Question 1

• Single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms belonging to
  kingdom Protista

Answer 1

protozoa

Question 2

adapted to different host species

Answer 2

Parasitic protozoa

Question 3

Out of 10,000 species of parasitic protozoa, man harbors
only about

Answer 3

70 species

Question 4

• Protozoa exhibit wide range of size

Answer 4

(1- 150 µ111)

Question 5

phylum

Answer 5

protozoa

Question 6

subphylum

Answer 6

-sarcomastigophora
-sporozoa
-cnidospora
-ciliophora

Question 7

superclass

Answer 7

mastigophora
opalinata
sarcodina

Question 8

subclass

Answer 8

phytomastigophora
teleospora
myxosporidea
ciliatea
zoomastigophora
toxoplasmea
microsporidea
haplosporea
rhizopodea
piroplasmea
actinopodea

Question 9

Mode of transmission
*Two major methods of transmission of protozoal
infection:

Answer 9

*ingestion of the infective stage
* an arthropod vector
*few are transmitted by sexual contact

Question 10

The following groups of protozoa are
considered:

Answer 10

-Amoebae that move by
means of pseudopodia
- Protozoa that possess
one to several flagella
-Protozoa that move
by means of many cilia
on the cell surface
-. Protozoa that do not exhibit an obvious
mode of mobility but can glide
nonetheless.

Question 11

(This same group uses sexual reproduction
during the life cycle.)

Answer 11

. Protozoa that do not exhibit an obvious
mode of mobility but can glide
nonetheless.

Question 12

morphology of protozoa

Answer 12

unicellular;a single cell-like unit

Question 13

multicellular;a number of cells, making up a complex individual

Answer 13

morphology of metazoa

Question 14

a single cell performs all the function:reproduction,digestion,respiration, excretion

Answer 14

physiology of protozoa

Question 15

each special cell performs a particular function.

Answer 15

physiology of metazoa

Question 16

example of protozoa

Answer 16

ameba

Question 17

example of metazoa

Answer 17

tapeworm

Question 18

two portion of cytoplasm

Answer 18

endoplasm
ectoplasm

Question 19

Outer homogeneous part that serves as
the organ for locomotion and for engulfment of food
by producing pseudopodia.

Answer 19

ectoplasm

Question 20

The inner granular portion of cytoplasm
that contains nucleus. It shows number of structures:
the Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, food
vacuoles and contractile vacuoles.

Answer 20

endoplasm

Question 21

usually single but may be double or
multiple; some species have as many as 100 nuclei in a
single cell.

Answer 21

nucleus

Question 22

The nucleus contains one or more

Answer 22

nucleoli or a
central karyosome.

Question 23

• The chromatin may be distributed along the

Answer 23

periphery
(peripheral chromatin) or as condensed mass around the
karyosome.

Question 24

Extranuclear chromatin material is called
* (e.g. as found in Entamoeba histolytica cyst).

Answer 24

Chromatoid body

Question 25

It is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) containing body, situated peripherally or centrally within the nucleus and found in intestinal ameba, * e.g. E. histolytica, E.coli.

Answer 25

Karyosome

Question 26

3 types of karyosphere

Answer 26

-karyosphere with capsule -karyosphere without capsule- - inverted karyosphere

Question 27

Nonnuclear DNA present in addition to nucleus.

Answer 27

Kinetoplast

Question 28

it is seen in trypanosomes

Answer 28

Kinetoplast

Question 29

*Flagellum originates near

Answer 29

kinetoplast

Question 30

Point of origin of flagellum is called as

Answer 30

basal body

Question 31

These are fine, needle-like filaments, covering the entire surface of the body and are found in ciliates, e.g. Balantidium coli.

Answer 31

cilia

Question 32

trophos:

Answer 32

nourishment

Question 33

Active feeding and growing stage of the protozoa.

Answer 33

trophozoite

Question 34

* trophozoite derives nutrition from the environment by

Answer 34

diffusion, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis.

Question 35

3 asexual reproduction

Answer 35

binary fission multiple fission or schizogony endodyogeny

Question 36

It is a method of asexual reproduction, by which a single parasite divides either longitudinally or transversally into two or more equal numbers of parasites.

Answer 36

binary fission

Question 37

followed by division of the cytoplasm.

Answer 37

Mitotic division of nucleus

Question 38

division occurs along any plane

Answer 38

amebae

Question 39

division is along longitudinal axis

Answer 39

flagellates

Question 40

division occurs in the transverse plane

Answer 40

ciliates

Question 41

Plasmodium exhibits schizogony, in which nucleus undergoes several successive divisions within the schizont to produce large number of merozoiles

Answer 41

* Multiple fission or schizogony:

Question 42

Some protozoa like Toxoplasma, multiply by internal budding, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.

Answer 42

endodyogeny

Question 43

2 sexual reproduction

Answer 43

conjugation gametogony or syngamy

Question 44

In ciliates, the sexual process is _____ in which two organisms join together and reciprocally exchange nuclear material (e.g. Balanlidium coli

Answer 44

Conjugation

Question 45

In Sporozoa, male and female gametocytes are produced, which after fertilization form the zygote, which gives rise to numerous sporozoites by sporogony (e.g. Plasmodium).

Answer 45

Gametogony or syngamy

Question 46

Protozoa like intestinal flagellates and ciliates require only one host, within which they multiply asexually in the trophic stage and transfer from one host to another by the cystic form.

Answer 46

* Single host

Question 47

: In some protozoa like Plasmodium, asexual method of reproduction occurs in one host (man) and a sexual method of reproduction in another host (mosquito).

Answer 47

* Second host

Question 48

sarcos meaning

Answer 48

flesh or body

Question 49

*It includes those parasites, which have no permanent locomotory organs, but move about with the aid of temporary prolongations of the body called pseudopodia

Answer 49

Phylum Sarcomastigophora *Sarcodina

Question 50

mastix meaning

Answer 50

whip or flagellum

Question 51

*It includes those protozoa which possess whiplike flagella (e.g. Trypanosoma and Trichomonas).

Answer 51

Phylum Sarcomastigophora *Masrigophora

Question 52

Was formerly known as Sporozoa

Answer 52

Phylum Apicomplexa

Question 53

serving as the organ of attachment to host cells.

Answer 53

apical complex

Question 54

Members of this group possess, at some stage in their life cycle, a structure called the apical complex serving as the organ of attachment to host cells.

Answer 54

Phylum Apicomplexa

Question 55

They are tissue parasites

Answer 55

Phylum Apicomplexa

Question 56

They have a complex life cycle with alternating sexual and asexual generations

Answer 56

Phylum Apicomplexa

Question 57

To this group, belongs the malarial parasites

Answer 57

Phylum Apicomplexa

Question 58

* (Suborder: Hemosporina, Family: Plasmodiidae), Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, lsospora, and Cryptosporidium ( Under the Suborder: Eimeriina), Babesia (Under the Subclass: Piroplasma) and the unclassified Pneumocystis jirovecii.

Answer 58

malarial parasites

Question 59

These protozoa are motile by means of cilia, which cover their entire body surface.

Answer 59

Phylum Ciliophora

Question 60

The only human parasite in this group is Balantidium coli, which rarely causes dysentery.

Answer 60

Phylum Ciliophora

Question 61

contains many minute intracellular protozoan parasites, which frequently cause disease in immunodeficient subjects.

Answer 61

Phylum Microspora

Question 62

a is complex and is subject to frequent revisions

Answer 62

zoological classification of protozoa

Question 63

The classification described in the chapter is an abridged version of the classification proposed in 1980 by the Committee on Systematics and Evolution of the Society of Protozoologists, as applied to protozoa of medical importance

Answer 63

Phylum Microspora