Protozoa

Question 1

Entamoeba histolytica - route of transmission

Answer 1

Fecal-oral

Direct - only requires human host

Question 2

Give examples of mechanical obstruction protozoa

Answer 2

1- giardia - gut flagellate - GI illness - steatorrhea

2- Plasmodium - clog capillaries

Question 3

Protozoa that compete with hosts for resources

Answer 3

plasmodium - competes for glucose

Question 4

Protozoa that is cytotoxic

Answer 4

Entamoeba histolytica

- causes ALA - ameoba liver abscess

Question 5

Protozoa causing inflammation

Answer 5

Plasmodium - TNF cytokine storms

Question 6

Protozoa causing immune-mediated injury

Answer 6

Leishmania - transmitted by fly - T helper cell

Question 7

What is cell-mediated immunity in the host important for clearing?

Answer 7

Intracellular protozoa

Question 8

Humoral response to protozoa

Answer 8

Enhances phagocytic and cytotoxic potential of macrophages

Question 9

Antibiotics can be given to treat

Answer 9

Giardia and plasmodium

Question 10

Antifungals and elements can be given to treat

Answer 10

Leishmania

Question 11

Case: 40 yr old, presents with PAINLESS ulcer on lower extremity - in manu reserve

Answer 11

Suspect cutaneous leishmaniasis

Question 12

Leishmania is

Answer 12

Ventor-borne indirect parasite

- transmitted by sandfly

Question 13

To detect trypanosomes and E. Histolytica we can use

Answer 13

Antibody testing - serology

Question 14

Spectrum of disease can oligoparasytic –>

Answer 14

muco and cutaneous disease - few parasites
effector cells control infection - HIGH CMI
- need to use antigen or PCR or in vivo culture

Question 15

Spectrum of disease can polyparasitic –>

Answer 15

visceral involvement
poor cell mediated control 
Excess Ab 
- can do direct exam - biopsy of bone marrow, spleen, liver
 - giemsa stain

Question 16

Diagnosis of leishmania is important because

Answer 16

dont want to miss any other ulcer-like disease

Question 17

First line treatment of CL and ML

Answer 17

Pentavalent Antimony - injected IV - toxic to everything

Question 18

Which Abx can you give for Leishmania

Answer 18

Azithro

Paromomycin

Question 19

Which Antifungals can you give for Leishmania

Answer 19

Fluconazole
Amphotericin B
- can also use garlic - herb

Question 20

case: 60 yr old - 3 wk hx of fever, tachycardic, tachypneic,

Answer 20

Plasmodium Ovale

- Indirect and vector-borne (anopheles)

Question 21

To diagnoze malaria need

Answer 21

Direct exam of the blood
and
Antigen detection

Question 22

Definitive host for plasmodium is

Answer 22

The mosquito

Question 23

RDT for plasmodium ovale is

Answer 23

not sensitive 30%

Question 24

What do you give for malaria

Answer 24

1- dox, clindamycin
2- Chloroquinone, mefloquinone
3- artemisnin, quinine

Question 25

All the antibiotics and antiparasitics given for malaria treat

Answer 25

The blood stages of development

Question 26

What else is needed to treat P. ovale and P. vivax

Answer 26

Treat the liver stage of the parasite | - primaquine - can have dormant stages

Question 27

Blood schizonticide

Answer 27

Chloroquinone | Atovaquone, proguanil

Question 28

Radical tissue schizonticide

Answer 28

Primaquine