protozoa

Question 1

What is the life stage of protozoa ?

Answer 1

1. trophozoite

2. cyst stage

Question 2

what is the trophozoite life cycle of protozoa ?

Answer 2

1. motile feeding form
2. very fragile
3. may be infective

Question 3

what is the cyst stage life cycle of protozoa?

Answer 3

1. resistant
2. resting
3. infective stage

Question 4

what is modes of feeding for protozoa ?

Answer 4

nutrition may be obtained from endogenous or exogenous source

Question 5

what is the modes of reproduction for protozoa?

Answer 5

1. asexual

2. sexual

Question 6

what are the modes of locomotion for protozoa?

Answer 6

1. flagella
2. cilia
3. Pseudopods
4. undulation membrane
5. subpellicular microtubules

Question 7

what are the types of asexual of modes of reproduction for protozoa ?

Answer 7

1. binary fussion
2. multiple fission or schzigony
3. budding

Question 8

what are the types of sexual modes of reproduction for protozoa ?

Answer 8

1. conjugation

2. synagmy

Question 9

what is conjugation as sexual reproduction for protozoa ?

Answer 9

1. nuclear exchange

2. new organism by dividing by binary fission

Question 10

what is syngamy as sexual reproduction for protozoa ?

Answer 10

1. fusion of gametes
2. zygote = oocyst
3. ookinete
4. sporozoites

Question 11

what are types of modes of transmission for protozoa ?

Answer 11

1. direct
2. indirect
3. transport host

Question 12

what is a direct mode of transmission?

Answer 12

1. fecal
2. oral
3. sexual

Question 13

what is indirect mode of transmission ?

Answer 13

intermediate host

Question 14

what is transport host for mode of transmission ?

Answer 14

paratenic host & mechanical vector

Question 15

what is known as the silent calf theif ?

Answer 15

Tritrichomonas foetus

Question 16

Tritrichomonas foetus

Answer 16

1. reportable cattle disease
2. resides in reproductive tract of male & female bovines
3. veneral transmission
4. major economic importance
5. abortion
6. low calving rate , rebreeding
7. bull & calf replacement ( slaughter w/in 2 wks)
8. No cyst stage

Question 17

what is the sexual transmission of tritrichomonas foetus ?

Answer 17

1. lives in preputial cavity of bull
   - fold of penis or fornix
2. urethra
3. testes
4. epididymis
5. seminal vesicle

Question 18

what is the life cycle of tritrichomonas foetus in males ?

Answer 18

1. most bulls asymptomatic
2. younger bull not permanent carriers
3. yearlying bulls can be positive

Question 19

what is the life cycle of tritrichomonas foetus in females ?

Answer 19

1. potential source of new infection
2. maintains organism in herb
3. harbor T.foetus after few heat cycle or loss pregnancy
4. Carry Tritrichomonas through gestation period & post partum period

Question 20

what are the clinical signs for Tritrichomonas foetus in females ?

Answer 20

1. early abortion w/in 10 day of conception
2. late abortion
3. endometritis
4. sterility
5. vaginitis
6. cervicitis
7. salpinigits
8. placentitis

Question 21

what are clinical signs for tritrichomonas foetus in males ?

Answer 21

1. long term carriers of infection
2. asymptotic
3. swelling of prepuce
4. mucopurlent dischage
5. guaded prognosis
6. Not used in breeding

Question 22

what is the diagnosis of tritrichomonas foetus ?

Answer 22

1. aborted fetus
2. placental fluid
3. smears from uterus or vagina
4. prepuce of bull

Question 23

what are the diagnostic tests?

Answer 23

1. culture
2. ELISA
3. hemaglutation test
4. PCR
5. Antigen field test

Question 24

what is the best method for identifying tritrichomonas foetus ?

Answer 24

combination of culture & gel PCR with 3 preputial scraping

Question 25

what did pooled samples & PCT showed of tritrichomonas foetus ?

Answer 25

high sensitivity & high specificity

Question 26

what are treatments & controls for tritrichomonas foetus in cows ?

Answer 26

1. imidazole derivative ( metronidazole ) non food producing animaks 2. AI for 2 years 3. sexual rest for 2-3 estrus cycles 4. avoid commingling of herbs 5. cull bulls 3yrs or older

Question 27

what is treatment for bull with tritrichomonas foetus ?

Answer 27

1. alcide 2. flush preputial cavity x 7 days then 1 week no tx then 3. flush EDT x 1 4. need 6 negative cultures

Question 28

Are there vaccines for cows ?

Answer 28

yes - triguard - not approved for bulls - 2nd dose should be administered 2-4 wks later - last injection should precede breeding season by 4 wks - revaccinate annually

Question 29

will the vaccines for tritrichomonas foetus prevent transmission ?

Answer 29

No it will limit its duration of infection & results in more pregnancies

Question 30

what is protozoa that is a disease of young birds that is known as canker or frounce , found in birds of prey ?

Answer 30

trichomonad gallinae

Question 31

What are hosts of trichomonas gallinae ?

Answer 31

1. doves 2. raptors 3. chickens 4. turkeys 5. pheasant 6. finches 7. java sparrow 8. canaries

Question 32

what are characteristics of trichomonas gallinae ?

Answer 32

1. not zoonotic 2. no cyst stage 3. stay in the upper respiratory tract 4. lives for 5 days on moist grain 5. lives for 20 mins to several hrs in water

Question 33

what is mode of transmission for trichomonas gallinae?

Answer 33

1. adults to squabs → pigeon milk 2. fecal- oral 3. bird feeders 4. cloacal drinking

Question 34

what are the clinical signs for trichomonas gallinae?

Answer 34

1. infection of crop 2. unable to swallow 3. regurgitate food

Question 35

What is the reservoir for trichomonas gallinae in CA ?

Answer 35

1. non-native urban pigeons for band-tailed pigeon in CA

Question 36

what is the clinical disease for trichomonas gallinae ?

Answer 36

1. depressed /dull 2. salivate 3. emaciation 4. listless 5. ruffled feathers 6. difficulty breathing 7. death

Question 37

what is the pathology for trichomonas gallinae ?

Answer 37

1. caseous necrotic masses in upper digestive tract & viscera 2. inflammation 3. masses invade sinuses of skull to beak, eye, & brain 4. necrotic lesions in liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, lungs ,air sacs

Question 38

what is diagnosis of trichomonas gallinaea?

Answer 38

1. based on hx, clinical signs & gross lesions 2. demonstrating organism 3. sample collected 48 hrs after birds death 4. PCR testing

Question 39

what is treatment for trichomonas gallinaea ?

Answer 39

1. dimetridazole/ metronidazole