Protozoan Infections

Question 1

acanthamoebic keratitis caused by

Answer 1

acanthamoeba castellani

non arthropod amoeba

Question 2

epi acanthamoebic keratitis

Answer 2

worldwide air soil water

accidental human infection

Question 3

life cycle acanthamoeba castellani

Answer 3

in fresh water it multiplies as amoebas forming cysts which can revert back to amoebas in soil

Question 4

which part of cycle damages humans of acanthamoeba castellani
and what does it damage

Answer 4

both amoebic and cystic forms

- lungs eyes skin uterus following exposure to soil swimming how tubs OR CONTACT LENSES

Question 5

how does acanthamoeba castellani damage eyes

Answer 5

it has to enter through a DAMAGE in the eye tissue, like chlorinated pool/ eye infection

it loves pseudomonas! which is often found in contact solution

Question 6

acanthamoebic path
what plays a role in infection

characteristic***

Answer 6

bacterial confection (pseudomonas)

enzymes released by amoebas causes a characteristic stromal infiltrate in the shape of a ring within the eye**

Question 7

acanthamoebic immunity?

Answer 7

antibody dependent dependent cellular rxn (lymphokines and opsonization of amoeba by antibody)
no partial immunity

Question 8

s/s acanthamoebic immunity

what do you have to keep in mind

Answer 8

uveitis, optic neuritis corneal keratitis

can lead to granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in immunosuppressed patient!

skin lesions present as ulcers, nodules or accesses

Question 9

dx acanthamoebic*

Answer 9

amoebas or star like cysts in tissue exudates

Question 10

tx acanthamoebic

Answer 10

propamidine

Question 11

trichomoniasis cause by? description

Answer 11

trichomonas vaginallis

non arthropod flagellated protozoan

Question 12

trichomoniasis reservoir

Answer 12

humans only

its the only definitive host

Question 13

bad thing about trichomonas

Answer 13

they can survive 1-2 hours on moist surfaces

viable up to 24 hours in urine or semen

Question 14

life cycle of trichomonas

Answer 14

transmitted by sexual contact OR droplets on contaminated fomites

no cyst stage*
can live in vagina and prostate of humans and are passed directly to uninfected person

Question 15

path trichomonas

Answer 15

damage is caused by the proliferation of colonies in vagina or Urinary tract

it c causes destruction of epithelial cells causing infiltration inflammation vaginitis

Question 16

s.s trichomoniasis

Answer 16

vaginitis with frothy green yellow vaginal secretions
foul odor and intense irritation
urethritis and petechiae

male- urethritis, prostatitis or sterility

(1/2 are asymptomatic)

Question 17

dx trichomoniasis

Answer 17

pyriform flagellated moline trophozoites in vaginal or wet preparations

Question 18

tx trichomoniasis

Answer 18

metronidazole
tx all sex partners

but 3-4 weeks it self cures

Question 19

leishmaniasis caused by

Answer 19

leishmania braziliensis
leishmania donovani
leishmania mexicana
leishmania tropica

Question 20

leishmania tropica location

Answer 20

africa asia europe

Question 21

leishmania donovani location

Answer 21

africa asia europe and south americal

Question 22

leishmania braziliensis and mexicana location

Answer 22

central and south america

humans and non humans as reservoirs

Question 23

how is leishmania transmitted

Answer 23

direct contact with infected tissue

congenitally from mother to child d

Question 24

leishmania vector

amastigote v trypomastigote

Answer 24

biting female sand fly

amastigote- no flagella
trypomastigote- flagella

Question 25

life cycle of leishmania?

Answer 25

sandfly ingest macrophages containing amastigote (no flagella) from infected person or animal amastigote develops into trypomastigote in sandflies which are infected into new host trypomastogote enters macrophage and turns into amastigote to replicate and multiply in tissues

Question 26

incubation leishmania

Answer 26

cutaneous- weeks to months | visceral- weeks to years

Question 27

path leishmania

Answer 27

infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells result in hyperkeratosis, necrosis and ulceration of skin and mucoid membrane

Question 28

which leishmania is visceral

Answer 28

leishmania donovani- they are distributed throughout the reticuloendothelial system by macrophages

Question 29

immunity leishmania

Answer 29

protective immunity to SPECIES that causes infection!

Question 30

leishmania tropica ss

Answer 30

papules nodules and scars on skin

Question 31

leishmania brazilensis and tropicana s s

Answer 31

ulcers on skin and mucous membranes

Question 32

leishmania donovani s s

Answer 32

fever edema anemia diarrhea weakness conjunctivitis keratitis photophobia THEIR ORGANS GET HUGEE

Question 33

dx leishmania

Answer 33

biopsies of organs (tissue and bone biopsy) and skin | - shows intracellular amastigotes

Question 34

tx leishmania

Answer 34

antimony sodium gluconate

Question 35

Schistosome dermatitis by AKA

Answer 35

by schistosome species (trematode) aka swimmers itch

Question 36

leishmania reservoirs*

Answer 36

cattle dogs rats SLOTHS

Question 37

schistosome dermatitis caused by AKA

Answer 37

schistosome species aka swimmers itch

Question 38

epi schistosome host intermediate host dead end host

Answer 38

found in fresh or salt water animals or birds are reservoirs and definitive hosts intermediate- snail humans- dead end host

Question 39

life cycle of schistosome

Answer 39

adult worms live in blood vessels of animals and birds-- release eggs via poopy miracidia hatch and penetrate snails -- which develop into cercaria cercaria penetrate the skin of humans when contact is made

Question 40

in humans which life cycle of schistosome do we have>?>

Answer 40

Cercaria* (they Never turn into adult worms) they just live under the skin but don't enter the blood vessles

Question 41

path schistosome

Answer 41

the proteins of cercaria induce inflammatory response in skin-- producing serpiginous tunnels where they die

Question 42

immunity/ sensitivity schistosome

Answer 42

delayed hypersensitivity no immunity

Question 43

s/s schistosome

Answer 43

tunnel lesions == vesicles papules and hemorrhagic rash that can elead to secondary bacterial infections lesions go away but sensitivity is present

Question 44

dx schistosome

Answer 44

observation of symptoms | finding of larva in tissue biopsy

Question 45

tx schistosome

Answer 45

antihistamines