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Veterinary Protozoology > Protozoology Part I > Flashcards

Protozoology Part I Flashcards

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1
Q

study of protozoa (unicellular organisms) in which physiological functions are carried out by the organelles of the cell

A

Protozoology

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2
Q

What is Protozoology?

A

Study of protozoa in which all physiological functions are carried out by the organelles of the cell

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3
Q

KINGDOM PROTISTA

A

• diverse collection of eukaryotic organisms
• lack tissue differentiation
• single celled
• move independently
• many are free living, others are parasites
• most are zoonotic - low host specificity
• parasitic protozoa

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4
Q

complex lifecycles that take place in the cells, bloodstream and tissues of the host

A

parasitic protozoa

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5
Q

invertebrate

A

ticks, mosquitoes

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6
Q

vertebrates

A

mammals, avian

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7
Q

low host specificity

A

zoonotic

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8
Q

Morphology of prophyra (plants) Cell wall

A

non-rigid, thin

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9
Q

Cell wall of protozoa (unicellular animals)

A

rigid, thick

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10
Q

nuclear material of prophyta

A

dispersed

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11
Q

nuclear material of protozoa

A

well defined, with membrane

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12
Q

nutrition of prophyta

A

holophytic

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13
Q

nutrition of protozoa

A

holozoic, saprozoic

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14
Q

reproduction of prophyta

A

binary fission along transverse axis

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15
Q

reproduction of protozoa

A

binary fission along longitudinal axis except for ciliates

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16
Q

Types of nucleus

A

✓ Vesicular
✓ Compact

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17
Q

chromatin concentrated in a single mass (endosome or nucleolus)

A

Vesicular

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18
Q

chromatin evenly distributed (homogenous), present in ciliates

A

Compact

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19
Q

2 types of compact nucleus

A

✓ micronucleus
✓ macronucleus

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20
Q

reproductive function

A

micronucleus

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21
Q

vegetative function

A

macronucleus

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22
Q

carries organs of locomotion (prolongations of the ectoplasm)

A

Cytoplasm

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23
Q

Organelles in the cytoplasm

A

✓ Mitochondria
✓ Ribosomes
✓ Golgi bodies
✓ Lysosomes
✓ Contractile vacuole

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24
Q

powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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25
protein synthesis
Ribosomes
26
collect dehydrated proteins
Golgi bodies
27
enzymes for digestion
Lysosomes
28
Regulates osmotic pressure and eliminates waste material
Contractile vacuole
29
outer part (homogenous and hyaline appearance)
Ectoplasm
30
Functions of Ectoplasm
✓ movement ✓ food ingestion ✓ excretion ✓ respiration ✓ protection
31
Granular, pigmented. Contains food vacuoles (role in nutrition)
Endoplasm
32
Movement of Protozoa
✓ to obtain food ✓ for reacting to physical and chemical stimuli ✓ very marked movement; flagellates and ciliates
33
Modes of movement
✓ Cilia ✓ Pseudopodia ✓ Flagella ✓ Gliding
34
Cilia
Ciliates, Balantidium, Trichomonas ° fine ° short ° flagella like structures
35
false feet
pseudopodia
36
mastigophora species (whiplike filamentous structure from a basal granule in the ectoplasm
Flagella
37
ex. of Flagella
Trypanosomes
38
no locomotory organelle
gliding
39
Gliding
Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Eimeria
40
Types of Nutrition
✓ Holophytic ✓ Holozoic ✓ Saprozoic ✓ Autotrophic
41
No veterinary importance, COH synthesized by Chlorophyll
Holophytic
42
pseudopodia or a cystostome are used to ingest food material from plants or animals and passed to a food vacuole. (pre-formed food utilized thru special organs
Holozoic
43
ingest tissues of host through a temporary opening in the body wall
Entamoeba, Balantidium
44
uses micropyle (micropore) to ingest fluids/solids
Eimeria
45
absorb nutrients by diffusion and directly used by the organism; stored food seen inside glycogen granules. (absorption of dissolved organic matter)
Saprozoic
46
live entirely from inorganic compounds (proteins, COH & lipids are synthesised from them)
Autotrophic
47
NOTE!!
parasitic protozoa= either HOLOZOIC OR SAPROZOIC; none are AUTOTROPHIC or HOLOPHYTIC
48
ways of excretion
- osmotic pressure - diffusion - precipitation
49
Takes free molecular oxygen in and expels carbon dioxide
aerobic respiration
50
involves the male and female gametes
SEXUAL ✓ conjugation ✓ syngamy
51
does not involve the male and female gametes
ASEXUAL ✓ binary fission ✓ multiple fission (schizogony) ✓ external budding ✓ internal budding (endopolygeny) ✓ sporogony
52
exchange nuclear materials: macronuclei degenerate while the micronucleu divide and pass nuclear materials into each other forming a SYNKARION
Conjugation- Ciliata
53
2 gametes of different sexes fuse to form a zygote which divides by multiple fission to form sporozoites
Syngamy
54
male gamete
microgamete
55
female gamete
macrogamete
56
microgamete and macrogamete are produced from?
microgametocytes and macrogametocytes
57
gamonts in pairs
syzygy
58
- 2 daughter cells from a parent cell - division along the longitudinal axis except for ciliates (transverse axis) - nucleus divides first then the cytoplasm (Trypanosoma)
Binary fission
59
- nucleus divides several times before cytoplasm does - dividing form is known as SCHIZONT and daughter forms are MEROZOITES
Multiple fission (schizogony)
60
example of multiple fission (schizogony)
coccidia and plasmodium
61
2 or many daughter forms produced from parent cell (ectopolygeny) which is unequal size of fragment of the nucleus and cytoplasm
External budding
62
Budded forms are separated off and then grow to full size
External budding (ectopolygeny)
63
New progenies are formed within the parent cell and then break off, destroying it
Internal budding or Endopolygeny
64
Example of Internal budding
Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis
65
Simplified from of endopolygeny (produces 2 daughter cells)
Endodyogeny
66
follows syngamy, sporozoites are formed within the walls of the cyst (multiple fission)
Sporogony
67
General Effects of Protozoa Infection
✓ absorb nutrients ✓ interfere with normal metabolism by food absorption ✓ produce toxin ✓ destroys tissue ✓ destroy blood cells and hemopoietic organs
68
Protozoa that absorb nutrients
Trypanosomes
69
Protozoa that interfere with normal metabolism by food absorption
Giardia
70
Protozoa that produce toxin
Sarcocystin by Sarcocystis
71
Protozoa that destroys tissue
Coccidia
72
protozoa that destroy blood cells and hemopoietic organs
Babesia

Veterinary Protozoology (3 decks)

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