Pseudostrabismus Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the definition of Pseudo Strabismus?
The clinical impression of an ocular deviation (manifest squint) when no squint is present.
Pseudo means false, not real, or non-genuine.
What can cause Pseudo Strabismus in children?
BROAD & FLAT Nasal Bridge
This condition can sometimes create the illusion of a squint.
What is Epicanthus?
A skin fold of the upper eyelid that covers the inner corner (medial canthus) of the eye.
Severity is based on the degree of caruncle obscuration.
What are some genetic disorders associated with Epicanthus?
- Trisomy 21
- Noonan’s Syndrome
- Zellweger Syndrome
List the four different types of Epicanthus.
- Epicanthus tarsalis
- Epicanthus inversus
- Epicanthus palpebralis
- Epicanthus superciliaris
What is Blepharophimosis Syndrome?
A rare developmental condition affecting the eyelids characterized by narrow eyes, droopy eyelids, an upward fold of skin of the inner lower eyelids, and widely set eyes.
What gene mutation is associated with Blepharophimosis Syndrome?
Mutation of the FOXL2 gene.
What is the typical Inter Pupillary Distance (IPD) in developing children?
Approximately 45-55mm.
What is the Inter Pupillary Distance (IPD) in adults?
Increases to 55-65mm.
What does a wide IPD indicate?
Exotropia.
What does a narrow IPD indicate?
Esotropia.
What is Angle Kappa/Alpha?
The angle between the optical axis and visual axis, occurring because the fovea is not at the geometric center of the eye.
What does a positive angle Kappa indicate?
The fovea is slightly temporal to the optical axis, resulting in slightly nasal corneal reflections.
What conditions can cause Pseudo-squint?
- Coloboma
- Heterochromia
What is Coloboma?
A condition where normal tissue in or around the eye is missing from birth.
What is the clinical presentation for Pseudo Strabismus?
Typically children present from 6 months onwards with vague histories, often without visual concerns.
What does equal vision in a vision assessment indicate?
Usually a good sign that no squint is present.
What is the purpose of the Cover/Uncover test?
To show no manifest deviation.
What is the typical management for most patients with Pseudo Strabismus?
Most will not require any active management; reassurance and explanation are usually sufficient.
What should be done if a family history of squints exists?
Usually, would review again to repeat all tests.
What might indicate the need for surgical corrections?
If Epicanthus persists and remains large, or if there are ptosis and lid anomalies, or craniofacial disorders.
