Secondary strabismus Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is exotropia?
A form of strabismus where one or both eyes turn outward
Exotropia can be classified as primary, secondary, constant, or intermittent.
Define exophoria.
A tendency for the eye to deviate outward when fusion is disrupted
Exophoria is a type of heterophoria, indicating a latent deviation.
What is divergence excess?
A condition where the eyes diverge more at distance than at near
This can complicate the management of strabismus.
What does convergence weakness refer to?
Difficulty in bringing the eyes together to focus on a near object
This can contribute to various forms of strabismus.
What is the incidence of secondary strabismus?
Approximately 6.7% of all strabismus cases
Secondary strabismus can arise due to underlying conditions.
What factors influence the direction of deviation in strabismus?
The age at which visual loss occurs
Early visual loss can lead to different strabismus outcomes.
What is the common outcome of visual loss occurring at birth?
67% esotropic and 33% exotropic
This indicates a significant difference in outcomes based on the timing of visual loss.
What is a red flag when assessing secondary strabismus?
Presence of leukocoria (white pupil)
Leukocoria can indicate serious conditions such as retinoblastoma.
What percentage of retinoblastoma cases presented with strabismus?
13%
This highlights the importance of thorough evaluation in cases of strabismus.
What are the components of an orthoptic assessment?
- VA measurement
- CT
- CRs
- OM
- Measure deviation
This assessment is critical for diagnosing strabismus.
What is the typical management for secondary strabismus?
- Assessment for potential BSV or diplopia
- Surgery
- Use of prosthetic painted contact lenses
Management varies based on the underlying cause.
What is the success rate of surgery for sensory exotropia at 5 years?
50%
The success rate can be influenced by the angle of deviation.
Fill in the blank: Secondary strabismus may be the first sign of _______.
Retinoblastoma
Early detection is crucial for effective management.
What are the types of strabismus based on fixation distance?
- Near exotropia
- Distance exotropia
These types are important for diagnosis and treatment planning.
True or False: Secondary strabismus does not conform to any fixed pattern.
True
This makes it essential to evaluate each case individually.
What is the significance of traumatic causes in secondary strabismus?
Traumatic causes are the most common in a study of sensory exotropia
Understanding the cause is vital for treatment strategies.
What role do painted contact lenses play in managing strabismus?
They can be used for cosmetic purposes and intractable diplopia
These lenses can improve quality of life for affected individuals.
What is the importance of a full ocular examination in patients with secondary strabismus?
To rule out serious sight and life-threatening conditions
Conditions like retinoblastoma can present with secondary strabismus.
