PST Revision (Lab 1)

Question 1

On Image 1: label Secretory lobules
and Connective tissue septa

Answer 1

Image 1

Question 2

Describe the organisation of

(a) the connective tissue components
(b) the secretory components of the gland.

Answer 2

a) CT capsule is located on the outside CT septa penetrates the gland, dividing into lobules

b) Secretory aicini are found within the secretory lobules. Intercalated ducts and striated ducts are also within the lobules

Question 3

Within which structures do the arteries, veins, and nerves run?

Answer 3

Lamina propria (interlobular connective tissue septa)

Question 4

Annotate this image (2) to identify the following:

Collagen fibres
Fat cells (adipocytes)
The lumen of an interlobular duct
Blood vessels
Nervous tissue

Answer 4

Image 2

Question 5

Identify and label the following structures on images: 3-11

Mucous acini
Serous acini
Striated ducts

Answer 5

Images 3-11

Question 6

Annotate the image to label the oesophagus and the trachea (image 12 )

Answer 6

Image 12

Question 7

Is the arrow pointing to the adventitia or serosa? Give a reason for your answer. (Image 12)

Answer 7

Adventitia (connective tissue space between two organs/structures that is NOT in contact with a body cavity and is not lined with mesothelium.

Question 8

Is the arrangement of the connective tissue between the trachea and oesophagus dense or loose? What is the significance of this arrangement

Answer 8

Loose
This allows flexability and allows expansion of the esphagus lumen to allow the bolus to go down during swallowing.

Question 9

The outermost layer of abdominal oesophagus is called the …… which is lined by …… cells.

Answer 9

The outermost layer of abdominal oesophagus is called the ..SEROSA… which is lined by ..MESOTHELIAL… cells.

Question 10

How to tell what end of the esophagus you are looking at?

Answer 10

There is SOME control over movment in the upper end of esophagus and so there is skeletal muscle present. NO control at base of esophagus and therefore ONLY smooth muscle present

Question 11

Go onto KuraCloud and label the esophagus two little slides

Answer 11

Kuracloud

Question 12

What specific effect would contraction of the inner circular layer of muscularis externa achieve

Answer 12

Narrowing

Question 13

What specific effect would contraction of the outer longitudinal layer of muscularis externa achieve?

Answer 13

Shortening

Question 14

Label image 15

Answer 14

Image 15

Question 15

Is the connective tissue making up the submucosa dense or loose? What is the significance of this?

Answer 15

Loose
flexible to allow expansion when bolus enters

Question 16

A section taken from the gastric end. What epithelial structure may sometimes be found in the submucosa

Answer 16

Glands

Question 17

Intermittent projections of lamina propria into the epithelium. What might be a possible explanation for this arrangement?

Answer 17

These studs are there to increase surface area to adhere to moleculess and thus strenghhening the connection between the epithelium and underlying support

Question 18

Label image 16

Answer 18

16

Question 19

What type of epithelium lines the lumen? and its role?

Answer 19

Stratified squamous epithelium

Protection against friction, enzymes and acid

Question 20

Label image 17

Answer 20

17

Question 21

What do cheif cells look like?

Answer 21

Filled with zymogen granules thus look granular (image 18A)

Question 22

Label image 19

Answer 22

19

Question 23

Label image 20

Answer 23

20

Question 24

IMAGE 21: Which letter best represents where you might expect to find undifferentiated stem cells?

Answer 24

I

Question 25

Image 22: What is K and what is L What so they secrete/contain What is their commonality?

Answer 25

K = Parietal cells - Secrete HCl and IF L = Cheif cells -Contains zymogen granules - secrete pepsinogen BOTH: Acivitity is stimulated by gastrin

Question 26

Q1. The image shows a low magnification view of the submandibular gland. Lobules are indicated. Name two structures you would expect to find in the interlobular connective tissue septa and give their respective functions.

Answer 26

Ducts (e.g., interlobular ducts) Function: These ducts transport saliva produced by the glandular acini to the oral cavity. They also modify the composition of the saliva by reabsorbing and secreting various ions. Blood vessels (e.g., arterioles and venules) Function: Blood vessels supply nutrients and oxygen to the glandular tissue and remove waste products. They also help support the high metabolic activity of the secretory cells.

Question 27

What is the function of the basal row of cells in oesophageal mucosa

Answer 27

Cell regeneration: These basal cells are mitotically active and serve as stem cells that continuously divide to replenish the upper layers of the epithelium as they are shed due to mechanical stress (e.g., from food passage). Anchorage to the basement membrane: They help maintain the structural integrity of the epithelium by anchoring it to the underlying connective tissue.

Question 28

striated duct function

Answer 28

secrete bicarb