PSY 1101 - Chapter 03: Biology & Neuroscience (Pt. 2)

Question 1

What is the Pathway for when the Presynaptic Neuron Fires?

Answer 1

1. Action potential travels / propagates down axon until it reaches terminal buttons
2. Terminal Buttons: contains synaptic vesicles
3. Synaptic vesicles: attack membrane of the neurons to release neurotransmitters
4. Neurotransmitters: travel until they reach the postsynaptic neuron then bind to receptor sites
5. Bind to receptor sites:

Question 2

What must Neurotransmitters attach to?

Answer 2

Must attach to the receptor site or the message will not get delivered
- each neurotransmitter has its own receptor site to attach to

Question 3

What happens to the Neurotransmitters once it delivers its message?

Answer 3

Neurotransmitters must be deactivated when message has been delivered

Question 4

What are the Two ways a Neurotransmitter can be Deactivated?

Answer 4

1. Reuptake
2. Degradation

Question 5

What is Reuptake?

Answer 5

Neurotransmitter returns / gets reabsorbed back to the neuron that released it and be recycled for future used

Question 6

What is Degradation?

Answer 6

An enzyme breaks down the neurotransmitter once it has delivered its message

Question 7

Why does the Neurotransmitter have to be Deactivated?

Answer 7

If the neurotransmitter is not deactivated, it will continue to deliver the same message
- will cause the nervous system overexcite or over inhibit

Question 8

What are Neurotransmitters?

Answer 8

chemicals that our brains and neurons use to communicate with each other

Question 9

What Neurotransmitter deliver Excitatory messages only?

Answer 9

Acetylcholine: allow for contraction of muscles

Question 10

What Neurotransmitter deliver Inhibitory messages only?

Answer 10

GABA:

Question 11

What are some Neurotransmitters that deliver both types of messages?

Answer 11

Table 3.1 in the book

Question 12

Why is a Healthy Level of Neurotransmitter Essential?

Answer 12

Healthy levels of neurotransmitters are essential for us to function physically and mentally

Question 13

What is Dopamine?

Answer 13

Known as the pleasure molecule

Question 14

What happens when we have a Healthy level of Dopamine?

Answer 14

When we have a healthy level of dopamine, we tend to be:
- more motivated and pursue our goals
- we tend to derive pleaseure from life and its activities

Question 15

What happens when we have a Low level of Dopamine?

Answer 15

When dopamine levels are low:
- It is usually linked with depression
- we tend to be unmotivated
- we can have serious problems with motor function
- linked with Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia
- we derive little to no pleasure from life and its activities

Question 16

What does this xxxx do?

Answer 16

table 3.1

Question 17

What does this xxxxx do?

Question 18

What does this x do?

Question 19

What does this xxxx do?

Question 20

what does this xxx do?

Question 21

Where do Drugs produce their effects?

Answer 21

Drugs produce their effects at the level of synapse

• they interfere with the communication and activity taking place between neurons (neurotransmitters)

Question 22

What are the Two types of Drugs?

Answer 22

1. Agonists
2. Antagonists

Question 23

What are Agonists Drugs?

Answer 23

Are going to enhance / amplify the activity of neurotransmitter
- An agonist may increase the release of a neurotransmitter so there is more in the synaptic cleft
- Some agonist can mimic a neurotransmitter
- Attaches to the receptor site of the neurotransmitter

Question 24

What are Antagonists Drugs?

Answer 24

Are going to either decrease or block the activity of a neurotransmitter

Question 25

What are Partial Agonists and Antagonists?

Answer 25

Less powerful

Question 26

What is Competitive-Direct?

Answer 26

Directly compete with the neurotransmitter for the receptor site
- These drugs can either mimic neurotransmitter or bloc the receptor site

Question 27

What is Non-Competitive (Indirect)?

Answer 27

Drug will not compete against the same receptor site
- Will find another parking spot nearby, which affects the conformation and thus the receptor site