psy test 2 Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
sensation with perception
A
the activationof receptiors in response to environmental stimuli
2
Q
perception
A
the mental process of interpruting the senses
3
Q
sensory recpetors
A
specialized cells unique to every sense organ respond to different stimuli
4
Q
transduction
A
how physical stimuli gets translated into a psychological experience
conversention of stimuli into a form the brain can understand
5
Q
threshold
A
the amout of stimulous that is needed for the recptor cell is to be activated
6
Q
absolute threshold
A
the smallest possible stimulous strenght that can be dected half the time
7
Q
subliminal perceeption
A
dection of stimulous below the level of consciousness
8
Q
mere exposure effect
A
repeasted exposure to a stimulous increases people liking of that stimulous
9
Q
sensory adaptation
A
reduces sensativity to a stimulous due to the repatition of sensing it
you sease to notice afer you have been around it fro a long period of time
10
Q
weber’s law
A
your likely to notice a durastic change rather then a large change
K= constant tringale= change in stimuli
11
Q
vision
A
visual receptors cells recieve wave length of different lengths
12
Q
wave lenght
A
distance from peak to peak
13
Q
nonometer
A
1x10 to the power of negative 9
we can only see wight light
14
Q
amplitude
A
the intensitity of a stimuli
measured by peak to trough of a wave lengtrh
15
Q
radioent light
A
is visiable energy that is amitted from a object
16
Q
reflection light
A
light that is reflected by objects
not a light
17
Q
cornea
A
clear membrane that covers thw eye
gathers and directs incoming light
18
Q
iris
A
colored part of your eye
also a muscle
expands and contracts due to the amount of light
19
Q
pupil
A
the black part of your eye
20
Q
lens
A
transperant structure behind the pupil
focuses or bend the light that enters the eye
21
Q
optic nerve
A
back of the eye
carries visual receptor from the eye to the brain
22
Q
color vision
A
colors reflect light
the perpetual experience of different wave length of light
23
Q
hue
A
the length of the wave length
24
Q
red
A
200 nanometers
longer wave length
25
violet
400 nanometers
| shorter wave length
26
saturation
the puritiy or trueness of a color
| made of fewer colors the purer the saturation
27
brightness
is the intensity of a color
| measured in amplitude
28
retina
the light sensatitve membrane at the back of the eye
sensory receptors located here
more rods then cones
29
cones
receptors that detect color
visual accuate sharpness of detail
30
rods
receptive to loght not color
more rods then cones in retina
responsable for night vision and peripherial vision
31
trichomatic theroy
three types of color
| red, green, blue
32
opponent process theory
colors are exlained in pairs
| red-green blue-yellow
33
after image
after you stop looking at a stimulous it will still appear
34
monochromatic
complete lack of color matt
| colorblindness
35
dichromatic
lack a cone
| can only see two color coen
36
pharomones
chemical signal
| can only be sensed by member of the same spiecies
37
skin
giant sense organ
38
nociceptors
receptors for pain
| not limited to just the skin
39
cataneous senses
skin recpetors specifically on your skin
| pressure and pain
40
gate control theory of pain
pain is not only a product of psychical factors but also a product of psychological factors
41
kinetic sense
sense of location and position of ur body parts
42
proprioceptors
sensory receptors in muslces and joints feedback aboutt bosy movement and location
43
vistibular sense
equalibrum sense of balance
in out inner ear
vision is involved
44
bottum up processing
starting with a basis element parts of something to create a whole
at work when we are confronted with ambiguous stimuli
45
top down processing
the whole is recognized before the sum of all parts
46
hemholzs unconscious infewrence
we have assumptions that fill in poerceptions thats not present in teh actual stimulous
what we remember about a stimuli could be different then how it acually happened due to expectations
47
gestalt psychology
sensatuionbs are processed according to constant meaningful rules that result in a perception whole
48
figure ground
ground is not the main of a picture
49
figure
is the main focus of a picture
50
depth perception
in the use of visual ques to perceive distance
| or percieve the 3 deminsional charcteristics of objects
51
monocular cues
relative size and linear perspectitive
52
binocular cues
depth and perception
53
perceptual constancy
the tendency to percieve objects as constatsbnn despiter chjanges in the sensory perception
54
shape constancy
is percieving something as being the same shape but the retina see it differently
55
size constancy
the knowledge that something keeps it' size even if the size changes in tihe retina
56
perceptual illusion
miis interperation of the true characteristics on an object or image
57
moon illusion
size constancy illusion
| moon looks bigger and it peak rather then the horizon due to its surroundings.
58
consciousness
awareness of consciousness
| anything around us and anything we think
59
daydream
is apart of your unconsciousness
often happens without oour complete concsiousness
semi-consciousness
theta waves
60
attention
the ability to selectively pay attention to our focus on a particular stimuli
61
multitasking
the ability to pay attenting to one or more things
| task whitching from right to left hemisphere
62
inattentional blindness
happens when ytou are multitasking failure to notice an obvious stimuli
63
sleep major topic
different rythms
64
circudian rythms
natural ciclitic daily changes in our sleep and wake cycles
65
natural clock
humans have a natural clock of 24.2 hours
| sleep depervation can cause illness
66
hypnogogic hallucinations
vivid sensory images that occur when your falling asleep
67
beta waves
fastest wave
| haoppens in concintration
68
alpha waves
sedcond fastest
| just alert
69
theta waves
day dreaming hypogogic hallucination
70
non-REM
quite dreamless sleep 1st hour of sleep
| 1st minute in theta waves
71
4 stages of rem sleep
stage 1
when we first fall asleep
stage 2
sleep spindals and hicomplex high voltage spikes in the brain
stages 3 and 4
slow wave sleep delta waves most restful state spent the mpst time in these stages very hard to wake some one
72
REM
```
restless eye movement
when we dream
intnese brain activity
muscles are inhibited except for a few small things (figers and muscles)
vewry physical insleep
30% spent in REM sleep
```
73
sleep cycles
5 to 6 transfering from non-rem to rem
| cycles about 30 minutes
74
REM rebound
an increase of sleep spent in rem after being deprived of REM sleep
75
lucid dreaming
control of your dreams
| can help with PTSD occurs with gamma waves
76
gamma waves
super fast faster then beta waves
| lucid dreaming
77
dreams
series of images emotional perception that we believe to be real during sleep
78
frued
dreams are the royal road to the unconsciousness
79
manifest content
the part that you remeber and tell a friend
80
latent content
under lyign or unconscious meanign
| dreams are wishfull fillment or we dream about things that scare us
81
neurocognitive
focus on the continutity about dreams and the real world happening with out stimuliq
82
memory consolidation
putting ideas together when you ar awake
same mental process is happenign when we sleep
may take up to 48hrs
83
activation systhesis
dreams come from our brain trying to explain random stuff
| brain makes sense of random things
84
functions of sleep ( Health )
throwing off sleep cycles throws our body off
| muscle rebuild and repair your tiisue
85
function of sleep (cancer)
tumors grow faster when people are sleep deprived
| night shift women better chance of breast cancer
86
functions of sleep ( emotion )
you will be easily irretable when sleep deprived
| iuncrease emotional reactivity
87
functiuons of sleep (memory)
you need sleep to access you memory or learn
88
sleep disorders
dysomnia
parasomnias
narcolepsy
OSA (obsturctive sleep abnia
89
dysomnia
disruption in the amout of sleep
90
narcolepsy
brief uncontrolable episodes of day sleeping
91
cata plex
sudden lose of voluntary motor control
92
OSA Obstructive sleep abnia
some one stops breathing while they are sleeping
deprives your brain of oxygen for 10 seconds
could cause heart attack in elderly people
93
parasomnias
sleep walking
| unwanted arousal or activation during sleep
94
sleep walking
mostly in kis 4% of adults sleep walk
3rd or 4th stage of sleep SLOW waves
non-REM
usually due to stress
95
night tares
vivid frightengni dreams
| mostly in children
96
night terrors
alot of scary dreanmsd
| usually in non-REM
97
hypnosis
will not do things agianst your will
| theta waves
98
post hypnotic suggestion
specific instruction the person is told to do
| hear a bell bark like a dog
99
dissociation
consciousness gets split in two
| you are aware but part of your self is not aware
100
meditation
a sustained concentration technique
beta waves
lowers blood pressure more relaxed but not sleepy
101
psychoactive drugs
any chemical substance that can alter our mood, perception or mental state
102
common effect
physical dependents and with drawl
103
physical dependents
biologically adataped to a drug
104
withdrawl
unpleasent side effects
| if you are taking a sleep aid you may become insomniac
105
tolerance
you need more of a drug to feel the effect
106
drug rebound
withdrawl symptoms are the opposite of the drugs effects
107
abuse
reccurent use that leads to an interference in your life
108
depressent
slows down your CNS
decreases your sensativity to a stimuli (liquid bklanket)
cognitiion dampened can think right
109
alochol
can feel pain
initially energized
alcohol+coffee does not sober you up
110
benzodiapines
traquilizers
anxiety reducing
muscle relaxants
111
barpiturates
easy to over dose
no perscribed easily
yoused to put animals down
has skull and cross bones opn bottle plus it is bright pink
112
opiates
pain relievers
herion and morphine highley addictive
mimic your brians indorphines
113
stimulants
increase you CNS
supress your appiate
elevate your heart rate
114
caffiene
coffee, tea, or tons of chocolate
does not deliever energy uses what your body already has
most widely used psycho active drug in the U.S.
115
nicotine
stimulant found in tobacco
| highly adictative
116
amphetamines
supress you appiate
treat narcolepsy and ADHD
high dose can stop blood presure and cause hemorgine
117
cocaine
made from the coco leaves
| highly addictive
118
psychadelics
science does not know as much as they would like
| can cause hallucination
119
MMDA
extacy
patented in 1912
produces a euphoric feeling
releases syertonin
120
peyote and mesclin
religiou suse among native american
121
disociative anesthetics
ketamine
produce dissociatioin
does not produce paign relief
