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PSY1002 SEMESTER 2 > PSY1002 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 9 > Flashcards

PSY1002 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what is cognition?

A

prefrontal cortex, basis of intelligent behaviour overriding reflexive habitual response for complex long-term goals. control sensory, memory and motor systems

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2
Q

what does cognitive inhibitions suggest about humans

A

not simply driven by stimulus-response

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3
Q

explain cognitive flexibility

A

performing large range of behaviours and tasks, and able to flexibly select to suit different context

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4
Q

explain difference between EF and cognitive control

A

is used interchangeably but EF more specific components, but cognitive control less clear separation for distinct subcomponents

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5
Q

is EF top-down or bottom-up

A

top-down, require effort and attention

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6
Q

what are bottom-up processes

A

stimulus-driven, run on autopilot

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7
Q

what does a good understanding of basic cognitive control abilities allow

A

higher-order/insight-related abilities. object permanence, self-recognition, mental time travel, theory of mind, took use/casual reasoning

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8
Q

how does EF abilities relate to differing life aspects

A

mental health (addiction, depression, OCD, ADHD)
physical health (obesity, substance use)
QoL
school (attention, math/English competency)
job success
relationship maintenance
public safety (crime, reckless behaviour, emotional outburst)

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9
Q

define WM

A

holding info in mind and mentally work with it, interacting with other EF via capacity constraint

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10
Q

what brain area does the WM rely on

A

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

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11
Q

explain inhibitory control

A

controlling ones attention, behaviour, thoughts, emotions to override strong internal predisposition/external lure preventing impulsive and habitual thoughts, actions, conditioned response

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12
Q

outline inhibitory attentional control

A

cocktail party effect, driven by stimulus properties themselves

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13
Q

explain a task to measure IC

A

go/nogo task, ppts respond to some but not other stimuli

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14
Q

explain how IC is used for self control

A

moderate behaviour, obey rules, maintaining social norm and use discipline to stay on task despite distractions to achieve long term goals
delayed gratifications

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15
Q

give examples of IC failure

A

not inhibiting response, social interaction, embarrassing situation, say without thought

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16
Q

what brain area is involved for IC failures

A

subthalamic nucleus

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17
Q

explain IC and cognitive inhibitions

A

inhibiting unwanted upsetting thought, rules that no longer applies
hard to measure but can assess behavioural inhibition and generalise to cognitive inhibition

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18
Q

outline how IC responses are measured

A

impulsive incorrect response take less time to reach threshold, correct responses take longer
succesfully inhibiting incorrect response to allow time for correct responses to reach threshold involved frontal lobe, basal ganglia

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19
Q

what is difference inbetween direct or competitive inhibition

A

direct = don’t do it
competitive = many action compete, inhibit each other

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20
Q

explain utilisation behaviours (IC)

A

trying to drink from empty glass

21
Q

explain IC as individuals age

A

declines with age = poor performance in inhibiting visual/auditory distractions

22
Q

describe action slip

A

intend to do one thing, but do something else (eg; dialling old phone numbers)

23
Q

define cognitive flexibility

A

changing perspectives/approaches to problem, flexibly adjusting to new demands, rules or priorities

24
Q

how can cognitive flexibility allow changing pattern of behaviours

A

adapt to new opportunity, admit your wrong

25
Q

what does CF rely on

A

inhibition of old info, load new info into WM

26
Q

what is design fluency? (CF)

A

how many uses can you think of for an object = think flexibly, outside box, adapting to changing rules, WM has to keep track of past suggestion

27
Q

what test can you use for studying CF

A

Wisconsin Card sorting test

28
Q

what does Wisconsin card task require

A

changing perspective and inhibit previous perspectives to input new perspective into WM

29
Q

explain Wisconsin Card sorting test

A

draw card, assigned to category to match colour, number, symbol
receive feedback on if correct, keep assigning
change rules without announcing and need to change behaviour, mesaure reaction time

30
Q

give practical applications for Wisconsin Card sorting test

A

examines cognitive impairment in patient with neurological damage/psychological disorder (frontal lobe, sz, stroke, OCD)
but damage is specific to patient and may not impact CF

31
Q

how can WM interact with IC

A

goal maintenance (know what to do or not)
inhibiting environmental/internal distraction to keep focused on important WM content

32
Q

what is IC split into

A

interference control, response inhibition

33
Q

what is interference control (IC)

A

inhibition of thoughts, memories (cognitive inhibition), or inhibition at level of selective/focused attention

34
Q

what is response inhibition (IC)

A

inhibition at level of behaviour (self-control, discipline) includes sef-regulation and effortful control

35
Q

what is self-regulation (IC)

A

response and attentional inhibition, maintaining optimal levels of emotional, motivation, cognitive arousal

36
Q

what is effortful control (IC)

A

innate temperamental predisposition to exercise better/worse self-regulation

37
Q

name higher-level EFs

A

reasoning, problem-solving, planning

38
Q

EF interactions - name 4 supporting mechanisms also exposed to inhibition/attentional mechanisms

A

selection, updating, performance monitoring, shifting

39
Q

EF interactions - what does selection involve

A

selecting new plans in line with new rules, conflict arise between 2 possible rule

40
Q

EF interactions - what does updating involve

A

update rules understanding
failure causes inflexibility

41
Q

EF interactions - what does performance monitoring involve

A

attention for error
failure causes perseveration errpr

42
Q

EF interactions - what does shifting involve

A

shift to a new plan and put into action
failure causes compulsivity, due to inability to shift to change behaviour

43
Q

why should optimal, appropriate behaviour not always be directed by EF

A

EF is effortful and subjective to capacity limitation, emotional state vulnerability, psychological disorders, physical health
first to suffer when something go wrong

44
Q

define attention

A

similar to cognitive control aspects however often sensory (salient stimuli can attract attention so more automatic>controlled process)

45
Q

define fluid intelligence

A

ability to reason, problem solve, see patterns or relations among items. including inductive and deductive logical reasoning

46
Q

define self-regulation

A

processes enabling us to maintain optimal levels of emotional, motivational, cognitive arousal

47
Q

define effortful control

A

aspect of temperament, innate predisposition to exercise self-regulation with ease

48
Q

define executive attention

A

top-down regulation of attention, and assessed during measure of selective attention

PSY1002 SEMESTER 2 (9 decks)

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