PSY2003 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 3 Flashcards
(60 cards)
name some issues for diagnosing problems in childhood
struggle expressing symptom accurately (report somatic)
stigma
diagnosis relying on caregiver report
considering what appropriate for particular age (scared of monsters at 5 is fine)
cultural norms
quick developmental trajectories
name incidence of childhood psychological problem
10-15% for childhood psychological problems in childhood, similar across ethnic groups -but low SES risk factor
some studies report 20% (higher in NA)
outline incidence for preschooler tantrums
80% preschoolers have mild tantrums, 10% have daily tantrums, and challenging behaviours, emotional difficulties more likely to be recognised as problem, not disorders in first 2 years
define externalising disorders
disorder based on outward-directed behaviour problems such as aggressiveness, hyperactivity, non-compliance or impulsiveness
define internalising disorders
disorder represented by more inward-looking and withdrawn behaviours, and may represent experience of depression, anxiety and active attempts to socially withdraw
why is int/externalising disorders used as a term in a child
initially easier to categorise their odd behaviours than feeling
outline neurobiology of structural abnormalities
lower PFC grey matter (amygdala, temporal, insula) involved in network of empathetic concern, with decreased cortical thickness
where is there less activation in violent adult offender
temporal, reduced HPA
what is high prenatal testosterone a part of
in DBD- explaining higher male prevalence and increase susceptibility to toxic perinatal environments (alcohol, drugs)
define separation anxiety
specific to childhood, and excessive anxiety surrounding separation from those to whom individual is attached
give symptom in separation anxiety
- disproportionate distress
- ongoing unnecc concern about losing attachment figure, unexpected event causing sep and ongoing aversion to being away or left alone
- nightmares of separation
- physical symtom when anticipating separation
summarise childhood-OCD
similar to adults but children can have compulsion without obsessions (intrusive thought)
define GAD in children
chronic worry on potential problems and threats, pathological worrying
disproportionate execessive comparing to gravity of triggering circumstances, leading to abnormal disruption of daily routines
how can GAD present in differing age groups, across childhood
4-7 separation from parent, fear of imaginary creature
11-13 social threats
8 yr old has double worries of 5 yr old
compare specific phobia to normal phobia presentations
normal appears and disappear quick, ie, heights, water, spiders
outline heritability and environmental influences in childhood-anxiety
moderate heritability (54%)
trauma, parenting style (withdrawn or too concerned), modelling, exposure to info
provide definition of childhood depression
occur in child whose under stress, experiencing loss, having attentional, learning, conduct or anxiety disorder. can run in families, with symptoms diverse, mimicking physical problem
give symptoms for childhood depression
is difficult to recognise in a young child
- clingy, refuses school, exaggerated fears
- somatic complaints: stomach/headache
same DSM-5 crit
causes of childhood-depression
ranging heritability (low in childhood, but increase into adolescence)
abuse/neglect is risk factor in younger children
state cognitive specific risk factor in childhood depression
depressive negative cognition/attributional style
state dispositional specific risk factor in childhood depression
low SE, self-conscious, emotional reliance
state social, coping specific risk factor in childhood depression
stress
low selfrated social competence, poor coping skills, interpersonal conflict with parents
low social supports from family+friends
state physical specific risk factor in childhood depression
reduced activities level, illness, smoking
state academic specific risk factor in childhood depression
school absenteeism, grade dissatisfaction